Cause and effect of deforestation essay

batman begins essay Critical essays and appreciations on the very best of cinema. Essay by cause of deforestation essay Brian Eggert July 6, 2008. After training in the arts of deception, theatricality, and mass engagement in on culture the Himalayas with clandestine ninjutsu vigilante group The League of Shadows, young Gotham City billionaire Bruce Wayne returns home after a long absence. On his private jet back, he lays out the and effect essay, foundations of a plan to his family’s loyal servant Alfred about how he intends to use his money and newfound abilities to fight injustice: “I’m going to show the how to write a great research paper, people of and effect of deforestation, Gotham their city doesn’t belong to the criminals and the corrupt#8230; People need dramatic examples to shake them out of apathy and I can’t do that as Bruce Wayne. As a man, I’m flesh and blood. I can be ignored. I can be destroyed. Friend Essay. But as a symbol#8230; As a symbol, I can be incorruptible. I can be everlasting.” Herein is the central theme of Batman Begins , a film not about a superhero, but about and effect essay a man who uses his considerable means to transform himself into a symbol. Written by David S. Goyer and director Christopher Nolan, Batman Begins transforms the superhero genre and transcends its limitations in a film that is a moving, emotionally involving, and exciting narrative experience.

It begins with the formation of an idea. And indeed, the essay grading, conceptualization of Batman since the of deforestation essay, character’s inception has undergone innumerable adjustments and renovations over his nearly seventy years in comic books, television, and film—from vigilante to term paper, detective, from and effect essay, campy hero to public enemy, from Caped Crusader to The Dark Knight. Batman Begins reinvents the iconographic comic book character in near-operatic terms, finally actualizing the depth and emotional potential that remained untapped through so many adaptations. Nolan, drawing heavily from continuities shaped by essay competition Frank Miller and Bruce Timm, erases decades of and effect essay, mediocre superhero moviemaking and elevates Batman to a potent source for dramatic, symbolic storytelling. Retelling the hero’s origin story, Nolan describes Batman’s starting point with sobering consequence, relying on my best essay for kids, symbolism to infer the character’s grand theatrical transformation within the narrative. His parents gunned down before him by Crime Alley thug Joe Chill, child Bruce Wayne (heartrendingly acted by Gus Lewis) is scarred by the incident and stricken by an ensuing obsession with vengeance. Upon maturing into an adult, Wayne (now Christian Bale) vows to essay, punish injustice without becoming a murder-bound vigilante himself. His pledge ultimately pits him against Gotham City’s entire urban sprawl, riddled with both organized and unfettered crime.

This basic outline of Batman’s widely-known origin story is the only consistent aspect throughout the character’s various mythologies. Nolan’s film deepens the grading, origins, making Wayne’s battle more about overcoming his anger, childhood fears, and and effect of deforestation essay, guilt—all present since the night his parents were murdered—rather than defeating some villain. Essays On Culture. Indeed, the central conflict of Batman Begins is largely psychological. And though these themes have always stewed under the surface of Batman’s various incarnations, they have never done so with as much dramatic power as Nolan structures here. Created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger for DC Comics in 1939, Batman first appeared in Detective Comics , issue #27. Unlike contemporary heroes such as Superman, Kane’s creation had no uncanny powers, just human endurance and initiative, wealth and intelligence. Perhaps this is and effect of deforestation essay, why Batman remains so appealing; he represents the limit of how to write research, human potential. Those limits are superhuman to be sure, though so rarely tapped by of deforestation essay the populous. Management. Kane originally conceived the “Bat-Man” with a domino mask, stiff wings attached to the arms, and and effect of deforestation, red tights. His design was later re-envisioned by Finger for a more ominous look: no exposed skin but his mouth, a cowl, gloves, a flowing cape in which he could wrap himself like a gargoyle, and international competition, glowing, bat-like eyes. While Kane negotiated a byline “Created by Bob Kane” when he signed his character over to DC, Finger was left uncredited in cause essay spite of his significant contribution, which even included selecting the name Bruce Wayne as the research paper, hero’s alter-ego.

Only after Finger’s death in 1974 did DC acknowledge the writer’s ongoing development of Batman and a number of the comic’s quintessential villains. Kane and Finger initially devised Batman to cause of deforestation, kill wrongdoers in pulp fiction detective style, underlining the vigilante-hero’s distance from the dissertation service desk, judicial system. But after a particularly violent storyline where Batman shot several criminals to death with a gun, editor Whitney Ellsworth insisted the cause and effect, hero adopt a more official attitude. Instead of tracking criminals and killing them, Batman would use his unconventional means to my best friend for kids, punish under the and effect of deforestation, guise of the law (regardless of how inefficient The System often proved to dissertation, be). Batman’s gun was replaced with a “batarang” and of deforestation essay, utility belt, he turned over criminals to his official counterpart Commissioner James Gordon, and Arkham Asylum became the temporary hub for the hero’s rich assortment of supervillains (all of whom would escape again and again to how to research paper, rein terror on Gotham).

But it is Bruce Wayne’s unshakable devotion to his own ideal that sets him apart. And Effect. He must be better than the criminals he seeks to take down; he must never kill. Youth International Competition. Even if his actions only submit criminals to and effect, judgment from gulen international competition, a corrupt system of law, in remaining doggedly faithful to his principles, he sets an immovable example. Following this notion, Nolan and of deforestation, co-writer Goyer begin their mythology with Wayne, played with appropriate gravitas by Bale. The film opens with Wayne, who has willingly condemned himself to essay, a Far East prison, where he trains his body and essay, mind in combat against hardened inmates.

Having resolved to fight the criminality inherent in Gotham’s underworld, he has traveled the world learning the nature of the criminal and meanwhile struggles to center his emotions. They need centering, he finds, after his parents’ murderer is released from ap lang essay, prison by becoming an informant; Wayne plans to assassinate the killer, but his plan is foiled when the mob takes Chill down first. Consumed by unfocused anger, weakened by guilt, Wayne escapes his pampered billionaire lifestyle to and effect of deforestation, understand his enemy, landing himself in the Asian prison. Here, future sensei and father figure to proofreading, the parentless Wayne, Henri Ducard (Liam Neeson), arrives in Wayne’s prison cell and offers to teach Self-mastery and fear control so he might become an invisible, unstoppable force: the way of the League of Shadows, led by mysterious figure Ra’s al Ghul (Ken Watanabe). Wayne’s already considerable martial arts skills are perfected, but only cause so he might become more than a mere living weapon: an idea. Term On Anger Management. Even as he becomes this idea, there is still a very human conflict inside him. Nolan presents Bruce Wayne as a shattered individual who has, in a way, consciously constructed a split-personality for himself when he becomes Batman, all as a result of cause essay, his childhood trauma. During his training, he seems preoccupied with instilling a replacement father figure in term paper on anger management Ducard. But ultimately he refuses the League’s final test of his loyalty when he’s asked to kill a local thief; and after, a moral cleansing of Gotham City on a citywide scale. The League intends to help along Gotham’s path of cause and effect essay, self-destruction; this is something they’ve done for centuries, from Rome to London.

When a city’s time comes, they drop the blade. In rebelling against gulen international competition, The League and Ducard, Wayne has accepted that he no longer needs to dwell on his absence of essay, a father figure. He no longer needs one. His paralyzing childhood dread of bats surmounted, his anger and guilt better understood, Wayne can now become an emblem of fear. Following his own ideals, Wayne splits from paper on anger management, his mentor Ducard, and returns to Gotham to become its protector. Essay. Like most comic book characters, Batman is malleable according to his writers and editors; he changes along with the era’s political climate to reflect or deflect social concerns. During post-WWII positivism and existing all through the term paper management, 1960s, the hero’s grim city and tragic past were replaced with a lighthearted, juvenile air of escapist children’s entertainment. Cause And Effect Essay. Laden with cartoonish plotlines and homoerotic subtexts, this version of the youth, hero later furnished the live-action television show Batman, a camp classic of the cause, 1960s starring Adam West. Crucial to defining the modern Batman persona, including his looming past and lasting obsessions, Frank Miller’s Year One storyline retold the hero’s origins on the comic page in term paper management 1987. Miller strengthens the cause of deforestation, rapport between a just-learning Batman and Lieutenant James Gordon, which blossoms to save a corrupt city from falling apart, requiring two honest men to stand for whatever hope remains. Gordon struggles to persevere over the bureaucracy of Gotham’s crooked elite; Batman steps over boundaries where his official counterpart must halt.

In lieu of earlier BAM and KAPOW tactics purveyed by the ‘60s TV show, Miller’s storyline acculturates Batman with characteristics of film noir and other gritty crime yarns, placing his continuity inside an asphalt jungle of untamable vice, rather than a comic book world of fantastical supervillains and plotlines beyond belief. From Miller’s pointedly dour, realist tone, Nolan etched his foundation, erasing any memory of previous cinematic attempts at DC’s character. Hundreds of millions in revenue notwithstanding, Warner Bros. Friend Essay For Kids. produced four films and four resultant artistic disappointments that failed to penetrate the Batman story’s potentially vast personal drama; instead, each seems preoccupied with design and style: In 1989, Tim Burton filmed Batman , a movie that feels hollow and dated by an awkward soundtrack by Prince, a near-useless Commissioner Gordon, and Jack Nicholson playing himself decorated as the Joker. Cause Of Deforestation. But its success inspired 1992’s improved (and sexually-charged) sequel Batman Returns , which fosters the childhood wounds of Danny DeVito’s The Penguin more than its hero’s, and a sexy Catwoman courtesy of Michelle Pfeiffer. From there, director Joel Schumacher took over the franchise, returning in proofreading service 1995 with Batman Forever to and effect essay, a child-friendly tone reminiscent of the about my best friend essay, ‘60s show. Saturating every moment with neon and alternative music for cause and effect of deforestation the MTV generation, Schumacher’s first crack at Batman is colorful but brainless, his interpretations of Riddler and Two-Face laughably out of character, if not (insultingly) likened to the Joker. Beating the franchise nearly to death was Batman Robin in 1997, Schumacher’s stupid, overstuffed farce packed with far too many characters, cheeky puns, and Hollywood names.

Almost everyone involved, including Schumacher and term paper management, star George Clooney, now admit fault for nearly collapsing the franchise with their living cartoon, initiating an eight-year coma for Batman on of deforestation essay, the silver screen. Warner Bros. hired writer after writer for potential franchise relaunches; among them an essays on culture adaptation of Miller’s Year One directed by Darren Aronofsky and Batman vs. Superman by Wolfgang Petersen. None came to fruition. And yet, throughout the mid-1990s, Warner Bros.

Animation had already discovered the ideal Batman interpretation, in of deforestation essay a combination of noirish storytelling and entertainment suitable for older youngsters and adults. On Culture. Batman: The Animated Series (1992-1995) achieved the tone sought on the comic page, using an innovative animation style that built up from black backgrounds to essay, furnish Batman’s world with an appropriately gothic demeanor. Created by Bruce Timm, the Emmy Award-winning show features an on culture Art Deco-fuelled 1940s stylization, writing certainly more adult and less pun-reliant than the live-action Batman films, and orchestral music punctuating each character. Timm and collaborator Paul Dini’s time at Warner Bros. Animation generated an artistic canon for DC Comics’ hero mythologies, including the Superman and cause and effect, Justice League cartoons, and until Batman Begins , their show’s efforts resulted in the best filmic representation yet of the Caped Crusader—the theatrically released animated movie Batman: Mask of the Phantasm . Refurbishing characters and creating all new ones, their work was so heavily lauded that even the on culture, comics followed their call for a more severe take on cause and effect of deforestation, the legend, instilling their innovations as Batman’s ultimate mythology. While Batman Begins has received much praise for its realistic approach to the superhero’s birth, this supposed “realism” exists above all in its emotional treatment of Wayne and his clumsy growth into youth international essay competition Batman.

The film is about a man dressed up as a bat, after all. Nolan’s construction of Batman’s arsenal of gadgets and weapons comes without the polish of cause and effect, previous films, most deriving from proofreading service desk, abandoned prototypes by Wayne Enterprises’ Applied Sciences Division: his Batmobile was made to assemble bridges; his impenetrable Nomex suit was intended for military body armor; his cape lightweight “memory cloth” that hardens for gliding-flight during parachute drops—all reformatted from practical items, versus the hero inexplicably constructing futurist gizmos from scratch (and thus, finally responding to that long-unanswered question, “Where does he get those wonderful toys?”). Even the Batcave remains just a cavern, to of deforestation, be redecorated in future sequels. His first forays into Gotham City are not without punishing results, leaving him bruised and burned from the learning process. Essays On Culture. The painful and cause and effect of deforestation, human reality of his night stalking physically marked, audiences see Batman’s fear-inducing presentation evolve; as a result, we are so much more involved when his theatricality succeeds and sends criminals screaming into how to write a great research paper the night.

Rather than pit our hero against his most commonly-known archnemesis The Joker, or any other of the colorful antagonists painted with comic strokes over the years, the chosen villains, conceptualized without flashy and cause, polished getups, personify Batman’s varied emotional conflicts and themes, all arranged to form what becomes a single criminal scheme. And unlike previous entries in the franchise, the result does not overwhelm since the villains, however numerous, represent stages of our hero’s psychological growth: Signifying Gotham’s criminal underworld, thus a figurative link to the murder of Bruce Wayne’s parents, mob boss Carmine Falcone (Tom Wilkinson) imports drugs into the urban sprawl, among them hallucinogens for Dr. Jonathan Crane (Cillian Murphy). Also known as Scarecrow, Crane, Arkham Asylum’s psychopharmacologist, mirrors Batman’s vulnerability to and exploitation of fear. Manipulating fear as his greatest weapon, Scarecrow studies the paper, effects of fear on his patients to disturbing extremes. He implements a scheme, sponsored by the League of Shadows, to of deforestation essay, release his fear toxin into Gotham on a massive scale, which will send the population into panic and bring down the city as Ra’s al Ghul intended. Scale. By stopping this trifecta of villains, Wayne confronts the underworld that murdered his parents, prevails over cause essay, his surrender to fear, and how to a great, establishes himself as the guardian of Gotham City. Instilling substance in every performance, Nolan’s cast was chosen not by their celebrity, rather for their abilities to epitomize classic characters. Bale’s performance pivots Wayne on the actor’s undeniable ability to evoke the character’s brooding disposition, handled with genuineness and severity by a performer gradually becoming one of Hollywood’s most respectable figures.

Michael Caine decorates his lines as Alfred with appropriate humor and wisdom, servicing the film, and cause and effect of deforestation essay, indeed his character, with limitless supplies of conscience and heart. And Gary Oldman seems to embody the very essence of the James Gordon from Miller’s text and Timm’s cartoon, both in appearance and spirit. Proofreading. The combined presence of the cast—including names like Liam Neeson, Tom Wilkinson, Cillian Murphy, Morgan Freeman, Rutger Hauer, and Katie Holmes—brings an unprecedented, unexpected integrity to what might have been a mere comic book movie. Batman Begins not only starts a landmark franchise, but it also reestablishes an ongoing mythology that, in cause and effect of deforestation film, was close to ap lang, crumbling, sustaining its frames with drama that far surpasses the usual overtly commercial popcorn-munching fare of the genre. Nolan’s reinvention of the and effect, series disregards Burton and Schumacher’s now altogether eclipsed efforts, starting afresh in the grave traditions of essay grading scale, Miller and cause, Timm. How To Write Research Paper. The film extends adult themes into realms of tragedy, and therein births a new height for cause and effect of deforestation essay the genre. Whereas Hollywood often consumes and spews out superhero franchises like bubblegum unworthy of consideration, several properties have taken a hint from Nolan’s film, underlining darker, dramatic, and realist aspects of their characters’ psychology to elevate the filmic story into cinematic art, deepening their description beyond just brave symbols and into relatable individuals retaining emotional pull. As a result, the concept of “mere comic book movie” has almost evaporated since the release of Nolan’s dark opus, inciting a singular comic-to-film renaissance that has since established the genre’s authority.

When treated with the essays, lofty ambitions Nolan sets down here, though rare, the comic book film can become high cinematic art. Batman Begins is the launching pad for that movement, although no other filmmaker—outside of cause and effect of deforestation essay, Nolan himself—has outdone what he achieved here. Nolan does so by combining his technical mastery with his gift for supplying narrative rich with symbolic storytelling. The themes running through the film create a character whose origins seek to discover what it means to youth competition, be a superhero, but also what it takes for cause “just a man” to become a superhero. From his self-imposed moral guidelines, a human being becomes an emblem from which an entire city draws the will to change and force out injustice.

In doing so, the figurehead of about friend for kids, Batman emphasizes a basic human need for symbols, while Batman Begins explores that theme in cause and effect of deforestation a thoughtful, exciting, expertly made motion-picture. Deep Focus Review 2006-2017. All rights reserved.

nyu acceptance essay The Writings of Bertell Ollman. Political Science (sic) By Bertell Ollman. A young reporter asked a leading capitalist how he made his fortune. And Effect! It was really quite simple, the capitalist answered. I bought an apple for 5 cents, spent the evening polishing it, and sold it the next day for 10 cents.

With this I bought two apples, spent the evening polishing them,and sold them for 2O. And so it went until I amassed 80. It was at grading scale this point that my wife's father died and cause, left us a million dollars. Is this true? Is it fair? What does it all mean?

There are no more hotly contested questions in our society than why some are rich and others poor#151;and whether things have to be this way. Karl Marx sought the answers to these questions by trying to understand how our capitalist society works (for whom it works better, for whom worse), how it arose out of feudalism and where it is my best for kids, likely to lead. Concentrating on the social and economic relations in cause which people earn their livings, Marx saw behind capitalism's law and order appearance a struggle of two main classes: the capitalists, who own the productive resources, and the workers or proletariat, who must work in order to survive. Marxism is essentially Marx's analysis of the complex and developing relations between these two classes. The main theories that make up this analysis#151;the theory of alienation, the labor theory of value, and the materialist conception of history#151;must all be understood with this focus in mind. Even Marx's vision of how to research socialism emerges from his study of capitalism, for socialism is the unrealized potential inherent in capitalism itself (something our great material wealth and advanced forms of organization makes possible) for a more just and democratic society in which everyone can develop his/her distinctively human qualities. Some socialist ideas can be traced as far back as the cause and effect of deforestation essay Bible, but Marxism has its main intellectual origins in essay grading scale German philosophy, English political economy, and French utopian socialism. And Effect Of Deforestation Essay! It is from the German philosopher, Hegel, that Marx learned a way of thinking about the essay world, in all its fluid complexity, that is called dialectics. The British political economists, Adam Smith and David Ricardo, provided Marx with a first approximation of his labor theory of value. From the French utopians, especially Charles Fourier and the Comte de Saint-Simon, Marx caught a glimpse of a happier future that lay beyond capitalism. And Effect Essay! Along with the paradox of an Industrial Revolution which produced as much poverty as it did wealth, these are the main ingredients that went into the formation of research Marxism.

*A shortened version of this essay appeared in and effect of deforestation essay the Academic American Encyclopedia (Arete Publishing Company, Princeton, NJ., 1981), and was republished in Monthly Review (New York, April, 1981). 2 MARXIST PHILOSOPHY. Marx's study of capitalism was grounded in a philosophy that is both dialectical and materialist. A Great Research! With dialectics, changes and cause and effect of deforestation essay, interaction are brought into focus and emphasized by being viewed as essential parts of dissertation service whatever institutions and processes are undergoing change and interaction. In this way, the system of capitalism, the wider context, is never lost sight of when studying any event within it, an election or an economic crisis for example; nor are its real past and future possibilities, the historical context, ever neglected when dealing with how something appears in the present. Whatever Marx's subject of the moment, his dialectical approach to and effect, it insures that his fuller subject is always capitalist society as it developed and is still developing. The actual changes that occur in history are seen here as the essays outcome of opposing tendencies, or contradictions, which evolve in the ordinary functioning of society. Unlike Hegel's dialectic, which operates solely on ideas, Marx's dialectic is materialist. Marx was primarily concerned with capitalism as lived rather than as thought about, but people's lives also involve consciousness. Whereas Hegel examined ideas apart from the people who held them, Marx's materialism puts ideas back into cause of deforestation, the heads of living people and desk, treats both as parts of a world that is forever being remade through human activities, particularly in and effect production. In this interaction, social conditions and behavior are found to have a greater affect on the character and development of desk people's ideas than these ideas do on social conditions and behavior.

Marx's specific theories are best understood as answers to his pointed questions about the nature and and effect essay, development of capitalism. How do the proofreading service desk ways in which people earn their living affect their bodies, minds and daily lives? In the theory of alienation, Marx gives us his answer to this question. Workers in capitalist society do not own the means#151;machines, raw materials, factories#151;which they use in their work. These are owned by the capitalists to whom the workers must sell their labor power, or ability to do work, in return for a wage. This system of of deforestation labor displays four relations that lie at the core of Marx's theory of alienation: 1) The worker is alienated (or cut off) from his or her productive activity, playing no part in proofreading service deciding what to do or how to do it. Someone else, the cause and effect of deforestation capitalist, also sets the conditions and speed of work and even decides if the gulen essay worker is to be allowed to cause and effect essay, work or not, i.e. hires and fires him. 2)The worker is ap lang essay grading scale, alienated from the cause and effect product of that activity, having no control over term paper on anger management what is made or what happens to it, often not even knowing what happens to it once it has left his hands. 3)The worker is alienated from other human beings, with competition and mutual indifference replacing most forms of cooperation.

This applies not only to relations with the capitalists, who use their control over the worker's activity and product to further their own profit maximizing interests, but also to relations between individuals inside each class as everyone tries to survive as best he can. 4)Finally, the worker is alienated from the essay distinctive potential for write research paper, creativity and community we all share just because we are human beings. Cause And Effect Of Deforestation! Through labor which alienates them from their activity, product and other people, workers gradually lose their ability to develop the finer qualities which belong to them as members of the human species. The cutting of these relationships in half leaves on one side a seriously diminished individual physically weakened, mentally confused and mystified, isolated and virtually powerless. On the other side of this separation are the about my best friend essay products and ties with other people, outside the control and cause and effect, lost to about my best, the understanding of the cause and effect essay worker. Submitted to the mystification of the marketplace, the worker's products pass from one hand to another, changing form and names along the way#151;value, commodity, capital, interest , rent wage#151;depending chiefly on who has them and how they are used.

Eventually, these same products#151;though no longer seen as such#151;reenter the worker's daily life as the landlord's house, the grocer's food, the banker's loan, the boss's factory, and the various laws and customs that prescribe his relations with other people. Unknowingly, the worker has constructed the necessary conditions for my best essay, reproducing his own alienation. The world that the of deforestation essay worker has made and lost in alienated labor reappears as someone else's private property which he only has access to by selling his labor power and engaging in more alienated labor. Though Marx's main examples of alienation are drawn from the life of workers, other classes are also alienated to the degree that they share or are directly effected by these relations, and that includes the capitalists. 4 THEORY OF VALUE. What is the effect of the worker's alienated labor on ap lang essay grading its products, both on what they can do and what can be done with them? Smith and Ricardo used the essay labor theory of value to explain the Cost of commodities.

For them, the value of any commodity is the result of the amount of labor time that went into service, its production. Marx took this explanation more or less for granted. His labor theory of value, however, is primarily concerned with the more basic problem of why goods have prices of any kind. Only in cause and effect of deforestation essay capitalism does the distribution of what is produced take place through the medium of markets and my best essay, prices. Essay! In slave society, the slave owner takes by force what his slaves produce, returning to them only what he wishes. While in feudalism, the lord claims as a feudal right some part of what is on culture, produced by his serfs, with the serfs consuming the rest of their output directly. And Effect Of Deforestation! In both societies, most of what is competition, produced cannot be bought or sold, and therefore, does not have any price. In accounting for the extraordinary fact that everything produced in capitalist society has a price, Marx emphasizes the separation of the essay worker from the means of production (whereas slaves and serfs are tied to my best for kids, their means of production) and and effect of deforestation essay, the sale of on culture his or her labor power that this separation makes necessary. To survive, the workers, who lack all means to produce, must sell their labor power.

In selling their labor power, they give up all claims to the products of their labor. Hence, these products become available for exchange in the market, indeed are produced with this exchange in cause and effect mind, while workers are able to consume only that portion of their products which they can buy back in the market with the wages they are paid for their labor power. Value, then, is the most general effect of the worker's alienated labor on all its products; exchange#151;which is embodied in the fact that they all have a price#151;is what these products do and what can be done with them. Rather than a particular price, value stands for the whole set of conditions which are necessary for about my best essay for kids, a commodity to have any price at all. It is in this sense that Marx calls value a product of capitalism. The ideal price (exchange value) of cause essay a commodity and the ways in which it is meant to he used (use value) likewise exhibit in their different ways the distinctive relationships Marx uncovered between workers and youth international essay, their activities, products and other people in and effect capitalist society. Exchange value reflects a situation where the distinct human quality and term paper management, variety of work has ceased to count. Through alienation, the cause essay relations between workers has been reduced to the quantity of labor that goes into their respective products. Only then can these products exchange for each other at a ratio which reflects these quantities. It is ap lang essay grading scale, this which explains Smith's and Ricardo's finding that the value of a commodity is equal to the amount of labor time which has gone into its production. While in cause of deforestation essay use value, the physical characteristics of commodities#151;planned obsolescence, the attention given to style over durability, the manufacture of individual and family as opposed to larger group units, etc.#151;give unmistakable evidence of the isolating and degraded quality of human relations found throughout capitalist society.

Surplus-value, the third aspect of value, is the term on anger difference between the amount of exchange and cause and effect of deforestation essay, use value created by workers and the amount returned to them as wages. The capitalist buys the about my best friend for kids worker's labor power, as any other commodity, and puts it to cause and effect, work for eight or more hours a day. However, workers can make in, say, five hours products which are the equivalent of their wages. In the remaining three or more hours an amount of gulen international wealth is produced which remains in the hands of the capitalist. The capitalists' control over this surplus is the cause and effect basis of their power over the workers and the rest of society. Marx's labor theory of youth value also provides a detailed account of the struggle between capitalists and workers over the size of the surplus value, with the capitalists trying to of deforestation essay, extend the length of the working day, speed up the pace of work, etc., while the workers organize to protect themselves. Because of the competition among capitalists, workers are constantly being replaced by machinery, enabling and how to write research, requiring capitalists to extract ever greater amounts of surplus value from the workers who remain.

Paradoxically, the amount of surplus value is also the source of capitalism's greatest weakness. Because only part of their product is returned to them as wages, the workers cannot buy a large portion of the consumables that they produce. Under pressure from the constant growth of the cause and effect essay total product, the how to write a great paper capitalists periodically fail to find new markets to take up the slack. This leads to crises of overproduction, capitalism's classic contradiction, in which people are forced to live on too little because they produce too much. 5 HISTORICAL TENDENCIES. How did capitalism originate, and where is it leading? Marx's materialist conception of history answers the first part of this question with an account of the transformation of feudalism into capitalism.

He stresses the contradictions that arose through the growth of towns, population, technology and and effect, trade, which at a certain point burst asunder the feudal social and gulen competition, political forms in which production had been organized. Relations of lord to serf based on feudal rights and of deforestation essay, obligations had become a hindrance to the further development of these productive forces; over dissertation desk an extended period and after a series of political battles, they were replaced by the contractual relation of capitalists to workers. With capitalists free to pursue profits wherever they might take them and workers equally free to sell their labor power to the capitalists however they might use it, the productive potential inherent in the new forces of cause and effect production, especially in technology and science, grew to unmeasured proportions. However, if maximizing profits leads to gulen essay competition, rapid growth when rapid growth results in large profits, then growth is restricted as soon as it becomes unprofitable. The periodic crises which have plagued capitalism from cause about 1830 on are clear evidence of this.

Since that time, the new forces of production which have come into being in capitalism, their growth and potential for producing wealth, have come increasingly into contradiction with the capitalist social relations in which production is organized. The capitalists put the factories, machines, raw materials, and labor power all of my best which they own into motion to produce goods only if they feel they can make a profit, no matter what the availability of these factors of production, and no matter what the need of consumers for their products. The cost to and effect, society in wealth that is never produced (and in wealth which is produced but in forms that are anti-social in their character) continues to grow and with it the need for another, more efficient, more humane way of gulen youth international competition organizing production. Within this framework the actual course of history is determined by class struggle. According to Marx, each class is defined chiefly by and effect, its relation to the productive process and has objective interests rooted in that relation.

The capitalists' interests lie in securing their power and expanding profits. Workers, on the other hand, have interests in higher wages, safe working conditions, shorter hours, job security, and#151;because it is required to realize other interests#151;a new distribution of power. Ap Lang Essay Scale! The class struggle involves everything that these two major classes do to promote their incompatible interests at each other's expense. In this battle, which rages throughout society, the capitalists are aided by their wealth, their control of the state, and their domination over other institutions#151;schools, media, churches#151;that guide and distort people's thinking. On the workers' side are their sheer numbers, their experience of cooperation#151;however alienated#151;while at work, trade unions, working class political parties (where they exist), and the contradictions within capitalism that make present conditions increasingly irrational. In capitalism, the state is an instrument in the hands of the capitalists that is used to repress dangerous dissent and to help expand surplus value. This is done mainly by passing and and effect essay, enforcing anti-working class laws and by providing the capitalists with various economic subsidies (capitalist welfare). Marx also views the state as a set of political structures interlocked with the economic structures of capitalism whose requirements#151;chiefly for accumulating capital (means of production used to on anger, produce value)#151;it must satisfy, if the whole system is not to go into cause essay, a tailspin. And, finally, the state is an arena for class struggle where class and class factions contend for political advantage in an unfair fight that finds the essays on culture capitalists holding all the most powerful weapons. An adequate understanding of the role of the capitalist state as a complex social relation requires that it be approached from each of these three angles: as an instrument of the capitalist class, as a structure of political offices and processes, and as an arena of cause essay class struggle. In order to supplement the institutions of force, capitalism has given rise to an ideology, or way of thinking, which gets people to accept the status quo or, at least, confuses them as to the possibility of replacing it with something better.

For the most part, the ideas and concepts which make up this ideology work by dissertation proofreading service desk, getting people to focus on cause and effect the observable aspects of term paper on anger management any event or institution, neglecting its history and potential for change as well as the broader context in which it resides. The result is a collection of partial, static, distorted, onsided notions that reveal only and effect of deforestation essay, what the capitalists would like everyone to think. For example, in capitalist ideology, consumers are considered sovereign, as if consumers actually determine what gets produced through the choices they make in grading scale the supermarket; and no effort is made to analyze how they develop their preferences (history) or who determines the of deforestation essay range of available choices (1arger system). Dissertation Proofreading! Placing an event in its real historical and cause and effect essay, social context, which is to say#151;studying it dialectically, often leads (as in the case of consumer sovereignty) to conclusions that are the direct opposite of those based on the narrow observations favored by ideological thinking. As the attempted separation of what cannot be separated without distortion, capitalist ideology reflects in thought the fractured lives of alienated people, while at the same time making it increasingly difficult for them to grasp their alienation. As the contradictions of capitalism become greater, more intense, and less amenable to disguise, neither the state nor ideology can restrain the mass of the workers, white and blue collar, from recognizing their interests (becoming class conscious) and acting upon them. Dissertation Service! The overthrow of capitalism, when it comes, Marx believed, would proceed as quickly and cause essay, democratically as the nature of capitalist opposition allowed.

Out of the revolution would emerge a socialist society which would fully utilize and develop much further the productive potential inherited from capitalism. Through democratic planning, production would now be directed to serving social needs instead of maximizing private profit. The final goal, toward which socialist society would constantly build, is the write a great paper human one of abolishing alienation. Marx called the attainment of this goal communism. Capitalism has obviously changed a lot in the hundred years since Marx wrote. In the basic relations and cause and effect of deforestation, structures which distinguish capitalism from feudalism and socialism, however, it has changed very little, and these are the paper on anger management main features of capitalism addressed in Marx's theories. Workers, for example, may earn more money now than they did in essay the last century, but so do the capitalists. Consequently, the wealth and income gaps between the two classes is as great or greater than ever. For Kids! The workers' relations to their labor, products and capitalists (which are traced in cause the theory of alienation and essay grading scale, the labor theory of and effect value) are basically unchanged from Marx's day.

Probably the greatest difference between our capitalism and Marx's has to do with the more direct involvement of the state in the capitalist economy (primarily to bolster flagging profits) and, as a consequence of this, the expanded role of ideology to disguise the increasingly obvious ties between the agencies of the state and term paper on anger, the capitalist class. From its beginnings, Marxism has been under attack from all sides, but the major criticisms have been directed against claims that Marx never made. For example, some have mistakenly viewed Marx's materialism as evidence that he ignored the cause and effect essay role of ideas in history and in people's lives. Viewed as an gulen economic determinism, Marxism has also been criticized for presenting politics, culture, religion, etc. as simple effects of a one-way economic cause. (This would be undialectical.) Viewed as a claim that labor is the only factor in determining prices (equated here with value), the labor theory of cause and effect essay value has been wrongly attacked for ignoring the effect of service competition on prices. And viewing what are projections of capitalism's tendencies into the future as inviolable predictions, Marx has been accused of making false predictions. Some, finally, point to the anti-democratic practices of many Communist countries and claim that authoritarianism is inherent in Marxist doctrine. In fact, Marx's theories concentrate on advanced industrial capitalism with its imperfect but still functioning democratic institutions and he never thought that socialism could achieve its full promise in relatively poor, politically underdeveloped nations. Marxism, as defined here, has had its main influence among workers and intellectuals in and effect of deforestation capitalist countries, especially in Europe, who have used it as a major tool in defining their problems and constructing political strategies. Proofreading! In the Western countries, even non-Marxist intellectuals, particularly sociologists and cause and effect essay, historians, have drawn considerable insights from Marx's writings.

In the my best friend essay for kids Third World, Marxism#151;considerably modified to deal with their special mixture of primitive and advanced capitalist conditions#151;has clarified the nature of the enemy for many liberation movements. In the Communist countries, selected doctrines of Marx have been frozen into abstract principles to serve as the official ideology of the regimes. The influence of these three varieties of and effect of deforestation essay Marxism is as different as their content. In American capitalism's latest crisis, the combination of growing unemployment and worsening inflation has confounded all the youth international usual experts. The most powerful nation in history cannot erase poverty, provide full employment, guarantee decent housing or an adequate diet or good health care to its people. Meanwhile, the rich get richer. Only Marxism, as an account ofthe rational unfolding of a basically irrational capitalist system, makes sense of our current chaos. Cause And Effect! In class struggle, it also points the way out.

The rest is gulen international, up to us. Engels, Friedrich, Socialism: Utopian and Scientific . Marx/Engels, Communist Manifesto . Marx/Engels, German Ideology , Part 1. Reilbroner, Robert, Marxism: For and Against (1980) McLellao, David, The Thought of Karl Marx (1971) Miliband, Ralph, Marxism and cause, Politics (1977) Ollman, Bertell, Alienation: Marx's Conception of Man in Capitalist Society (1976) Popper, Karl, Open Society and Its Enemies (1963)

Rader, Melvin, Marx's Materialist Interpretation of History (1979) Rius, CAPITAL for essays, Beginners (1981) Sweezy, Paul, The Theory of Capitalist Development (1963) Tressell, Robert, The Ragged Trousered Philanthropist (1980)

Amiri Baraka Baraka, Amiri (Contemporary Literary Criticism) - Essay. (Born Everett LeRoy Jones; has also written as LeRoi Jones and Imamu Amiri Baraka) American poet, dramatist, short story writer, novelist, essayist, critic, and editor. Of Deforestation Essay! The following entry presents an overview of Baraka's career through 1997. See also Amiri Baraka Drama Criticism , Amiri Baraka Literary Criticism (Volume 2), and Volumes 3 , 5 , 14 . A seminal figure in the development of write research, contemporary black literature, Baraka is a controversial writer. Cause Of Deforestation Essay! His career has encompassed the Beat movement, black nationalism, and the tenets of Marxist-Leninist philosophy, and his verse is imbued with such concerns as cultural alienation, racial tension and conflict, and the necessity for social change through revolutionary means. According to some scholars, he succeeded James Baldwin and Richard Wright as one of the most prolific and persistent critics of my best essay, post-World War II America. Having rejected Western values, Baraka endeavors to and effect of deforestation create art with a firm didactic purpose: to proofreading forge a viable art form that reflects the true values of the African-American community and of oppressed peoples throughout the world. Born in 1934 as Everett LeRoy Jones in Newark, New Jersey, Baraka spent his early childhood creating comic strips and writing science fiction.

At school Baraka excelled in his studies, graduating from high school at essay the age of fifteen. He enrolled in Howard University in 1952 and just before beginning his first year, started spelling his name LeRoi. At Howard, Baraka studied with such noted black scholars as E. Franklin Frazier, Nathan A. Term Paper Management! Scott, Jr., and Sterling A. Brown who is regarded as the patriarch of African-American literary critics. Despite these exceptional teachers, Baraka found Howard University stifling and flunked out in 1954. He then joined the United States Air Force. In 1957, after being dishonorably discharged, he moved to New York's Greenwich Village and cause, became part of the Beat movement. That same year he married Hettie Roberta Cohen and together they founded Yugen , a magazine forum for Beat poetry. During the next few years, he also established himself as a music critic, writing about jazz for downbeat, Metronome , and the Jazz Review . Baraka first received critical acclaim as a poet, for his collection Preface to gulen youth essay a Twenty Volume Suicide Note …, which was published in 1961. In 1960, Baraka was invited to Cuba by the New York chapter of the Fair Play for Cuba Committee. Cause And Effect Of Deforestation Essay! Baraka began to make it his life's work to incorporate his political, social, and ap lang grading scale, spiritual beliefs into and effect of deforestation essay his writing. No longer content with art for art's sake, Baraka would use poetry and drama to teach people, opening their eyes to reality as he saw it.

Following the murder of Black Muslim leader Malcolm X in 1965, Baraka divorced his white, Jewish wife and moved to Harlem. He dissociated from white people and dissertation proofreading, dedicated himself to creating works that were inspired by and spoke to the African-American community. Of Deforestation Essay! This same year, he founded the Black Arts Repertory Theatre/School in on anger management Harlem. And Effect Of Deforestation Essay! He married Sylvia Robinson (she later changed her name to Amina Baraka), a black woman, in 1966. Around this time, Baraka's hatred of whites peaked. When a white woman asked him what whites could do to essay grading help blacks, he retorted, You can help by dying. You are a cancer. In 1968 he converted to Islam and changed his name to Imamu Amiri Baraka, meaning blessed spiritual leader. In 1974, in another radical shift, Baraka dropped the spiritual title of Imamu and declared himself an cause and effect of deforestation essay adherent of Marxist-Leninist thought.

Rejecting Black Nationalism as racist in its implications, he now advocated socialism as a viable solution to the problems in America. Youth International Essay Competition! He also repudiated his past anti-Semitic and anti-white statements. He concluded: Nationalism, so-called, when it says 'all non-blacks are our enemies,' is sickness or criminality, in fact a form of fascism. And Effect! In the fall of on culture, 1979, he joined the Africana Studies Department at State University of New York at Stony Brook as a teacher of creative writing. In 1979, as reported by William J. Harris in his 1985 retrospective study of Baraka and his work, [Baraka] was arrested after two policemen allegedly attempted to intercede in a dispute between him and his wife over the price of children's shoes. While serving his sentence at a Harlem halfway house, Baraka wrote The Autobiography of LeRoi Jones (1984). Since then he has written Why's/Wise (1985), an epic poem; The Music: Reflections on Jazz and Blues (1987) with his wife Amina Baraka; and Reflections (1988), a poem published in the periodical Black Scholar . A sense of rebellion is the one consistent theme throughout Baraka's canon.

Following the Beats' abandonment of and effect, traditional poetic structure and adopting their free use of desk, slang, Baraka earned praise and respect as a poet with his first volume of poetry, Preface to and effect essay a Twenty Volume Suicide Note …. This volume reflects the influence of Howl author Allen Ginsberg's poetry and write research, Charles Olson's projective verse theory, which rejects closed, traditional forms in favor of what Olson termed composition by field. Of Deforestation! In this collection, Baraka satirizes various aspects of essays, post-World War II popular culture, particularly the heroic cowboys and comic book superheroes. The majority of the poems, however, discuss concerns typical of the bohemian milieu Baraka identified with, including themes of cause, dislocation and detachment from mainstream society. Also in 1961, Baraka published Cuba Libre , an essay describing his trip to about for kids Cuba to join in the anniversary celebration of and effect essay, Fidel Castro's first revolutionary attempt. During this period of Baraka's metamorphosis from my best essay literary bohemian to black nationalist, he published some of his best-known works, including an analysis of contemporary black music, Blues People…. Negro Music in White America (1963), and a second volume of poetry, The Dead Lecturer (1964). Although Baraka wrote a number of cause of deforestation, plays during this period, Dutchman (1964) is widely considered his masterpiece.

The play received the Obie Award for best Off-Broadway play and brought Baraka to proofreading the attention of the American public. Involving a conflict between a black middle-class college student and a flirtatious white woman, Dutchman is said to mark the emergence of Baraka's heightened racial awareness. The Slave (1964) also demonstrates the philosophical change Baraka was undergoing. This play revolves around a black revolutionary leader who confronts his ex-wife and her husband, both of whom are white. Another 1964 drama, The Toilet , concerned a white homosexual boy who is beaten up by a gang of black boys. After Baraka severed all of his ties with white people and culture, his writings, with increasingly violent overtones, called for blacks to unite and establish their own nation. Of Deforestation! Experimenting with ritual forms in his drama, he penned Slave Ship (1967), a recreation of the about essay, wretched circumstances experienced by enslaved Africans during their passage to America. Other works written during Baraka's black nationalist period are The System of Dante's Hell (1965), his only novel, and Tales (1967), a collection of short stories. After Baraka aligned himself with the socialist philosophy, his works began to call for a working-class revolt against cause and effect of deforestation the bourgeoisie.

Baraka's works in this vein include Hard Facts: Excerpts (1975), a volume of poetry that includes several poems which accuse well-known black artists and activists of self-promotion—disguisedas nationalism—at the expense of working class African Americans. Baraka's dramas since 1974, including S-1 (1978), The Motion of History (1978), and The Sidney Poet Heroical (1979), reflect his commitments to Marxist-Leninist-Maoist thought and Communism. S-1 and paper, The Motion of History are reminiscent of the agitprop dramas of the 1930s, particularly in and effect of deforestation essay their appeals to working-class solidarity and in their suggestion that working class revolution is society's only hope. Essays On Culture! Baraka's first volume of poetry, Preface to cause of deforestation essay a Twenty Volume Suicide Note …, met with general approval for its unconventional style and on anger, language. Critics would later observe that this is the only work of Baraka's that is cause essay free from ethnic torment. Dutchman , Baraka's most widely studied and well received work, was acknowledged by Norman Mailer as the best play in America.

While some critics praised Dutchman for gulen competition its power, freshness, and deadly wit, others expressed outrage at its language, what they perceived as its perpetuation of interracial hostility, and its portrayal of whites. Baraka's next plays, The Slave and The Toilet , also met with mixed reviews. Of Deforestation Essay! The latter play was described by one reviewer as an obscene, scatological, bloody confrontation of the races in a school lavatory. Critic C. W. Essay! E. Bigsby called it a barely stageable homosexual fantasy in and effect which the setting is a urinal and the theme of the sexual nature of violence and on anger, the degradation of the white world. Cause! After becoming a vocal proponent of socialism, Baraka has been faulted for polemicism.

In his study, Harris observed that assessment of Baraka has fallen into two general camps: The white response … has been either silence or anger—and, in a few cases, sadness…. About! One general complaint is that Baraka has forsaken art for politics…. Another common accusation holds that Baraka used to be a good poet before he became a virulent racist. The reaction to Baraka in most of the black world has been very different from that in the white. In the black world Baraka is cause and effect a famous artist. He is regarded as a father by dissertation service the younger generation of and effect of deforestation essay, poets; he is essay quoted in the streets—a fame almost never claimed by an American poet….

Many critics maintain that audiences bristle at Baraka's depictions of white America, because he mirrors the cause and effect essay, ugly and ap lang grading, hideous facets of American society. Cause And Effect Essay! Access our Amiri Baraka Study Guide for Free. ? A Good Girl Is Hard to dissertation Find (drama) 1958. ? Cuba Libre (essay) 1961. ? Dante (drama) 1961; also produced as The Eighth Ditch , 1964. ? Preface to a Twenty Volume Suicide Note …. (poetry) 1961. And Effect! ? Blues People: Negro Music in White America (essay) 1963. ? The Moderns: An Anthology of New Writing in America [editor] (anthology) 1963. Dissertation Proofreading Desk! ? The Baptism (drama) 1964. ? The Dead Lecturer: Poems (poetry) 1964. ? Dutchman (drama) 1964. ? The Slave (drama) 1964. Cause Of Deforestation! ? The Toilet (drama) 1964. ? Experimental Death Unit. (The entire section is 366 words.) Get Free Access to this Amiri Baraka Study Guide. Start your 48-hour free trial to unlock this resource and thousands more. Get Better Grades.

Our 30,000+ summaries will help you comprehend your required reading to ace every test, quiz, and essay. On Culture! We've broken down the chapters, themes, and characters so you can understand them on your first read-through. Access Everything From Anywhere. We have everything you need in cause one place, even if you're on on anger management, the go. Download our handy iOS app for free. Amiri Baraka (as LeRoi Jones) with David Ossman (interview date 1963) SOURCE: An interview in The Sullen Art: Interviews by of deforestation David Ossman with Modern American Poets , Corinth Books, 1963, pp.

77-81. [ In the following interview, Baraka discusses his magazine , Yugen, his poetry, and his various literary influences .] Jones published only gulen essay competition, two more issues of Yugen after his interview was recorded early in 1960. Since then, he has co-edited The Floating Bear and has seen Corinth's publication of his first book of poems, Preface to a Twenty Volume Suicide Note , in association with his own Totem Press. Morrow has scheduled his study, Blues, Black White America and and effect, Grove will do his System of Dante's. (The entire section is 1722 words.) Get Free Access to this Amiri Baraka Study Guide. Start your 48-hour free trial to unlock this resource and essays on culture, thousands more.

Ralph Ellison (review date 6 February 1964) SOURCE: Blues People, in The Collected Essays of Ralph Ellison , edited and with an introduction by John F. Callahan, The Modern Library, 1995, pp. 278-87. [ In the following review, which originally appeared in The New York Review on February 6, 1964, Ellison points to both positive and of deforestation essay, negative aspects of Blues People.] In his introduction to Blues People LeRoi Jones advises us to about my best essay approach the work as. … a strictly theoretical endeavor. And Effect! Theoretical, in that none of the questions it poses can be said to have been answered definitely or for all time (sic!), etc. In fact, the whole book proposes more questions than it. (The entire section is about friend essay for kids 3541 words.) Amiri Baraka with D. H. Melhem (interview date Fall 1982) SOURCE: Amiri Baraka: Revolutionary Traditions, in Heroism in and effect of deforestation the New Black Poetry: Introductions and Interviews , University Press of Kentucky, 1990, pp. 215-63. [ In the following interview, conducted in 1982 by D. H. Melhem and Michael Bezdek, Baraka discusses a variety of topics including his upbringing, his work, and his views on art and politics .] Since the essays, early 1960s, the figure to be reckoned with in cause and effect Black political life and art has been Amiri Baraka.

Controversial, responsive to changing social ambience, he has articulated the riotous language of the unheard (to invoke Martin Luther King's definition once again) within a vernacular and a new idiom of. On Anger Management! (The entire section is 18116 words.) Henry Louis Gates Jr. And Effect Of Deforestation Essay! (review date 11 March 1984) SOURCE: Several Lives, Several Voices, in New York Times Book Review , March 11, 1984, pp. 11-12. [ In the following review, Gates outlines The Autobiography of LeRoi Jones.] When I first met his father, Coyette Leroy Jones, I was shocked by his striking resemblance to his son. Essay! Amiri Baraka locates his first identity through this resemblance to cause and effect of deforestation his father: That I was short and skinny with big eyes and looked just like my father. These were the most indelible. My earliest identity. If that's true then for much of a half-century, it is on culture fair to say, he has been running away from that very identity. And Effect Essay! LeRoi Jones predicted as much, even as early as 1964. (The entire section is international competition 2313 words.) Amiri Baraka with Sandra G. Shannon (interview date Winter 1987) SOURCE: Amiri Baraka on Directing, in Black American Literature Forum , Vol. 21, No.

4, Winter, 1987, pp. 425-33. [ In the and effect of deforestation, following interview, Baraka discusses his work as a director and his views on ap lang grading scale, directing .] Amiri Baraks is an essay artist of the 1960s' political scene still hard at ap lang essay grading work in the 1980s. Playwright, poet, political activist, Marxist, anti-Semitic, anti-feminist have all been used to label him, yet a less controversial label is often ignored—director. And Effect Of Deforestation! Most noted for his plays Dutchman and The Stave , Baraka has done some of his own directing and collaborated with directors such as Gilbert Moses, Jerry Benjamin, Jim Malette, Kdward Parone. (The entire section is 3653 words.) Douglas A. Ramsey (review date 29 March 1987) SOURCE: A review of The Music: Reflections on Jazz and Blues , in Los Angeles Times Book Review , March 29, 1987, p. 6. On Culture! [ In the following review, Ramsey offers a mixed assessment of The Music: Reflections on Jazz and Blues.] When Amiri Baraka listens to music, he hears things that might escape us if we could not depend upon him to point them out with his eloquent insistence, indignation and anger. Cause Of Deforestation Essay! He hears political oppression, capitalist exploitation, racist duplicity and class struggle. The beauty in the works of the great jazz masters comes to ap lang essay grading him transformed through Marxist-Leninist dialectic into ideology and sociology.

That may seem a grim and of deforestation, joyless route. (The entire section is 939 words.) Barry Wallenstein (review date February-March 1996) SOURCE: A review of Transbluency: The Selected Poems of Amiri Baraka/LeRoi Jones (1961–1995) , in gulen youth international essay American Book Review , Vol. 17, No. 3, February-March, 1996, pp. 7, 30. Cause And Effect Of Deforestation Essay! [ In the scale, following review, Wallenstein provides a positive assessment of Transbluency.] Deeply political, Amiri Baraka writes poems that have bothered many, reflecting as they do his dream of revolution, where the social orders will be recast, the races realigned. Much of his work is topical, written for the moment, and, as with agitprop verse, it's run the danger of becoming an historical footnote. Perhaps to consciously counter this eventuality, Baraka has placed musicality at the center of his. (The entire section is 1514 words.) Sandra G. Shannon (essay date March 1996) SOURCE: Manipulating Myth, Magic, and Legend: Amiri Baraka's Black Mass , in CLA Journal , Vol. 39, March, 1996, pp. 357-68. [ In the following essay, Shannon illustrates how Baraka drew upon myths, traditional symbols, popular literature, and established institutions in Black Mass.] The assassination of Malcolm X on February 21, 1965, profoundly affected Amiri Baraka and cause, gave fuel to his developing nationalist position. How To Paper! What resulted was a more focused appeal to the cultural consciousness of exclusively African-American audiences and a need for an experimental theatre. Inspired by the martyred Malcolm X, Baraka abandoned the restraints of self-defeating. (The entire section is 3516 words.) George Piggford (essay date Spring 1997) SOURCE: Looking into Black Skulls: Amiri Baraka's Dutchman and the Psychology of Race, in Modern Drama , Vol.

XL, No. 1, Spring, 1997, pp. 74-82. [ In the following essay, Piggford explores Baraka's psychological analysis of and effect essay, black American men in Dutchman.] Houston A. Baker, Jr. has rightly observed [in The Journey Back: Issues in Black Literature and Criticism , 1980] that the radical chic denizens of Bohemia [and] the dissertation service desk, casual liberals of the academy have never recognized LeRoi Jones's/Amiri Baraka's achievement as a playwright and a poet because his brilliantly projected conception of black as country—a separate and progressive nation with values. (The entire section is 4335 words.) Carla J. McDonough (essay date 1997) SOURCE: Amiri Baraka: Angry Young Men, in Staging Masculinity: Male Identity in cause of deforestation Contemporary American Drama , McFarland Company, 1997, pp. 30-2. [ In the following excerpt from how to a great paper her Staging Masculinity, McDonough studies Baraka's treatment of black manhood in his works .] While [Eugene] O'Neill, [Arthur] Miller, and cause and effect essay, [Tennessee] Williams were produced chiefly on the main stages of Broadway, the avant-garde, off-Broadway plays of Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones), which were often written within and for the Black Revolutionary theater, became a powerful voice for issues of race within American culture, an issue that is at the heart of American identity. His. (The entire section is 1510 words.) Andrews, W. Proofreading Service! D. E. Of Deforestation Essay! The Marxist Theater of write a great, Amiri Baraka. Comparative Drama 18 (Summer 1984): 137-60. Examines how Baraka's Marxist ideology is reflected in cause and effect essay his plays. Bone, Robert.

Action and essay, Reaction. New York Times Book Review (8 May 1966): 3. And Effect Of Deforestation! A negative assessment of on culture, Home: Social Essays . Casimer, Louis J., Jr. Cause Essay! Dutchman: The Price of Culture Is a Lie. In The Binding of Proteus , edited by Marjorie W. Grading Scale! McCune, Tucker Orbison, and and effect, Philip M. Essay! Withim, pp. 298-310.

Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press. (The entire section is 274 words.) Amiri Baraka Homework Help Questions. As you probably know, the postcolonial perspective analyzes the cause, effects of economic and physical control over the native inhabitants and the resources of an how to write paper area. The poem Somebody Blew Up. And Effect Of Deforestation! Baraka uses an ellipsis in the first and fifth stanzas. How To Paper! The ellipsis (. . .) is used to cause of deforestation essay mark the omission of a word or words.

It is also used to allow a jump from one statement or topic to dissertation proofreading desk another. Ask a question.

Essay Rough Draft Sample Essays and Research Papers. The Academic Essay : Rough Draft Sitting down and thinking about how to write an academic essay ? This . essay will discuss all the things one should know in regard to writing an academic essay . Cause Of Deforestation. Firstly this essay will discuss how to dissertation service desk, conduct research for an academic essay , and cause and effect of deforestation explain in detail what research should be considered. Secondly this essay will also discuss the ap lang grading, planning and cause and effect drafting of an academic essay , the exact format will be assessed. Thirdly this essay will also discuss plagiarism and. Academia , Citation , Essay 2520 Words | 7 Pages. Essay 2 Rough Draft As Archduke Franz Ferdinand heirs his throne along with his wife Sophie during the summer . of June 28, they were shockingly assassinated by a Serbian native Gravilo Princip. This occurrence led to which we all know as World War 1. This incident struck worldwide as to friend essay for kids, where many countries took notice as established to declare war. The first country to do so was Austria-Hungary declaring on Serbia in July 28. Different countries declared war amongst each other which continued. Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria , Treaty of Versailles , Trench warfare 1077 Words | 2 Pages. found important or that we wanted to go back to for more clarification.

I had also been taught the simple skill of rereading where if it didn’t make sense . the first time go back and read the article all over again so I can try to cause and effect, understand it. Rough drafts were something that had been required since I was learning how to write paragraph papers. We would have to peer edit another student’s writing and term paper see if we can find any errors however my experiences with this was that my friends would peer edit. College , Education , High school 982 Words | 3 Pages. paper 11/8/06 Rough Draft The constant threat of a military draft has been plaguing in the back of young . peoples' minds since the cause and effect essay, terrorist attacks of 9-11. Term. Now with the cause of deforestation essay, increased tension of gulen youth essay North Korea, prolonged war in Iraq, and the all volunteer military struggling to make recruitment numbers, the draft seems almost inevitable. But is that a bad thing? In order to create equality in our military, save tax payers' money, and cause end the war in gulen competition Iraq, I feel that a military draft may be necessary. Army , Cold War , Conscription 1976 Words | 6 Pages. 1984 Analytical Essay Rough Draft.

?1984 Analytical Essay Final Draft In the novel 1984, George Orwell demonstrates to and effect of deforestation, the people of the future how one governing . body can manage to manipulate a whole country such as Oceania. Throughout our past we have seen totalitarian governments take absolute control over their countries. On Culture. Some examples of leaders of countries that have demonstrated a totalitarian regime are Hitler and Stalin in World War II. Totalitarianism is a manipulative dictatorship that strives to limit the freedoms, abolish. Benito Mussolini , Communism , Fascism 796 Words | 3 Pages. ?RUNNING HEAD: TECHNOLOGY AFFECTING COMMUNICATION Technology Affecting Communication ITT Institute of Technology Rough . Draft For Instructor Abstract The growth of technology is growing constantly and it is advancing every day. Due to cause essay, the advancement of technology, teens and preteens has been affected by how to write a great research, it in many ways.

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Written by: [[ http://www.planetpapers.com/profile.php?username. F. R. Leavis considers Othello much more negatively; he believes that he gives in cause and effect essay too easily to Iago’s manipulations. Bradley’s argument is ap lang, that “it was no sign of stupidity in Othello” to cause and effect essay place his trust in Iago, and paper on anger “it would have been quite unnatural in him to cause essay be unmoved by the warnings of so honest a friend”, claiming that everyone trusted Iago and so it is unfair to blame Othello wholly for his actions. This is recognisable from the Play: Roderigo, Cassio and Emilia are prime examples of characters also under Iago’s selfish manipulation, and term the words “honest Iago” are uttered continuously by cause of deforestation essay, the majority of the characters throughout the play, not just by Othello, emphasising this point. Othello himself notices his nobility, apparent when he says, “My parts, my title and my perfect soul / Shall manifest me rightly” (I.ii.31). This supports the proud and strong nature Bradley perceives in him. In contrast, F. R. Leavis believes that this conveys an arrogant and sacrilegious quality, however for me, this negative characteristic is dominated by Othello’s dignity.

Leavis also comments on his “noble egotism”, believing that Othello has a negative element of “self- approving self-dramatization” throughout the play, suggesting that he does not undergo a downfall as he didn’t possess heroic qualities to begin with. A. C. Bradley claims that at the end of the play “the Othello of the Council-chamber and the quay of Cyprus has returned, or a greater and nobler Othello still” conveying a belief, like F. R. Leavis, that Othello does not undergo a downfall, however in contrast, he suggests that Othello remains noble throughout and is perhaps even more so by youth essay competition, the end of the play. To a certain extent, this statement is understandable, as the other characters do not blame Othello in the end for his actions taken against essay Desdemona, and on anger management refer to him passionately as a man who was “great of heart” (V.ii.358), still believing entirely in his nobility. However, for me, this is exaggerated, as although Othello was clearly manipulated by Iago and therefore not necessarily to blame, for a man of such calmness at the beginning of the play, his actions in Act 5 demonstrate a definite downfall in his persona; the contrast between the Othello we meet in the first act, and the Othello in the fifth is almost disturbing. His relaxed and sensible character is demonstrated on our first meeting with Othello, when he calmly tells Brabantio and his followers to “Hold [their] hands” and cause claims that “Were it [his] cue to fight, [he] should have known it / Without any prompter” (I.ii.83-84) keeping a difficult situation under control with dignity. Later in grading scale the fifth act, Othello harshly addresses Desdemona as a “minion” closely followed by a “strumpet” (V.i.33-34), both of which suggest him to be intensely angry, not to cause of deforestation mention his murderous proceedings, and even after this he threatens Emilia with the words “Peace, you were best!” (V.ii.157) dramatically contrasting with earlier in the play. This anger is repeatedly evident throughout the fourth and fifth acts. Ap Lang Grading. Although Bradley also believes that Othello is in cause and effect essay his fall in these later acts, he argues that “his fall is never complete.” Whilst A. C. Bradley views him as “by far the most romantic figure among Shakespeare’s heroes”, he does admit to flawed qualities in Othello’s character:

Othello’s mind, for all its poetry, is very simple… Emotion excites his imagination, but confuses and dulls his intellect. For me, this is youth international, a reasonable comment to make, as Othello appears to be quite single- minded when he exclaims to cause of deforestation essay Iago that “to be once in doubt / Is once to ap lang essay grading be resolved” (III.iii.182-183), suggesting that one moment of suspicion enforces an cause of deforestation eternal doubt. This is also supported by Othello’s fixed trust for Iago until the youth essay final moments of the play, and by his certainty that Desdemona is untrustworthy, provoked only by suspicion and paranoia. Cause Of Deforestation. However it is perhaps evident from Othello’s words “I’ll have some proof” (III.iii.389) that he is not as susceptible as Bradley proposes, as he demands for “Ocular proof” to provide evidence for about my best essay for kids Desdemona’s disloyalty. F. R. Leavis considers a different theory; in opposition to cause and effect of deforestation essay Bradley’s insistence that Othello was “not easily jealous”, he argues that jealousy is the basis of the friend essay problem, suggesting evidence in Othello’s words: Haply for I am black / And have not those soft parts of conversation / That Clamberers have, or for I am declined / Into the vale of years (III.iii.267-270) Leavis believes that this is cause and effect of deforestation essay, a “fully explicit expression of something he had already, pages back.” For me, it does become apparent earlier that jealousy is present in Othello’s mind when he says, “And yet how nature, erring from itself…”, (III.iii.231) admitting suspicion about research Desdemona and Cassio. However, for A.C.

Bradley and and effect essay I alike, this increasing emotion is through little fault of his own. Manipulative Iago is unquestionably responsible for Othello‘s jealousy, evident from his scheming use of repetition and questioning when selfishly provoking him to suspect Desdemona and Cassio: Othello asks, “Is he not honest?” receiving Iago’s reply, “Honest, my lord?” (III.iii.103-104) who is deliberately avoiding the point and slyly prompting an increase of about friend essay, suspicion in Othello. For me, it is cause and effect, not jealousy, but Othello’s susceptible mind that is his fatal flaw and about friend for kids his lack of self-awareness in this regard, as Iago cunningly uses it against cause and effect of deforestation him throughout the play to provoke and intensify natural emotions. Whether Othello eventually comes to recognise this fault is debatable; he undoubtedly realises his lack of research, judgement after discovering the truth about Iago, however it is questionable whether he truly understands his mistake. A.C.

Bradley considers Othello’s murderous actions as necessary and even noble: The deed he is bound to cause of deforestation essay do is no murder, but a sacrifice. He is to save Desdemona from herself, not in hate but in honour; in how to research paper honour and also in love. This idea is evident from the play when Othello claims before murdering Desdemona that “she must die, else she’ll betray more men” (V.ii.6), as from this he appears to be acting out of obligation rather than out of choice. This is essay, supported by when “He [smells, then] kisses her”, conveying himself to be in proofreading service genuine anguish. However, this is perhaps contradicted not long after as Othello claims that “Had all his hairs been lives / My great revenge had stomach for them all” (V.ii.73-74), portraying a passionate anger that conflicts greatly with Bradley’s view that it was an honourable murder. F. R. Leavis believes that Othello “has discovered his mistake, but there is no tragic self-discovery”, which for me, is a rational statement to and effect of deforestation essay make, as Othello appears to be more concerned with his status and the amount of attention he is receiving, than truly recognising what he has done.

This is clear from Act 5, in gulen international essay particular when Othello aggressively cries “Behold, I have a weapon” (V.ii.258) at an extremely inappropriate moment as though desperate to divert all the attention to cause of deforestation himself. These words then advance into a speech in service desk which Leavis’s idea that Othello has an element of “self- dramatization” becomes increasingly obvious: O cursed, cursed slave! / Whip me, ye devils, / From the cause and effect of deforestation essay possession of this heavenly sight! (V.ii.274-276) For me, Othello demonstrates from about my best friend for kids, these lines an over-exaggerated performance in order to provoke pity from the cause and effect essay other characters to divert any initial disgust. However, it is perhaps reasonable to how to write a great research paper suggest that this dramatized speech is just a convention of the theatre rather than a true reflection of Othello himself. Later, Othello compares his actions to cause of deforestation be “Like the ap lang essay grading scale base Indian, [who] threw a pearl away” (V.ii.345). Shakespeare could here be making reference to the ignorance of the Indians who were unaware of the value of their gold, therefore suggesting that Othello is aware of his wrongdoings. However, there has been much debate over whether Shakespeare meant ‘Indian’ or ‘Iudean’ here; the folio version states Iudean, which is perhaps significant as it could refer to Judas, Jesus’s disciple. Judas betrayed Jesus, similar to Othello’s betrayal to Desdemona, and threw away ‘a precious pearl’. In a way, this supports that Othello does recognise his flaws, however for me, it strengthens Leavis’s view that Othello is essay, dramatizing the proofreading desk situation, and contradicts Bradley’s insistence that “his grandeur remains almost undiminished” as either way he is admitting to treachery.

Although Othello is perhaps disliked by the audience at and effect of deforestation essay, this point, for me, he undoubtedly stirs pity in dissertation service desk the audience on numerous occasions throughout the play. When Othello first demonstrates his suspicions and and effect of deforestation jealousy in Act 3, Scene 3, it is conceivable that he begins to provoke a pitiful response from the audience. About My Best For Kids. This is essay, suggested from his words proceeding from “Haply for dissertation proofreading I am black…” (III.iii.267), as he is evidently worrying about aspects of his character because of cause of deforestation essay, a false suspicion that Iago has manipulatively introduced to his mind, therefore the audience would most likely sympathize with him. Gulen Youth International. A. C. Essay. Bradley agrees that “our sympathy with him is hardly touched by any feeling of term paper, humiliation.” For me, Iago’s scheming attitude against Othello almost certainly triggers an emotional response. However, it can be argued that any audience would be disgraced by cause and effect of deforestation, Othello’s vulnerability at this point, rather than pity his situation. Later, just before the death of Desdemona, Othello expresses that he “must weep, / But they are cruel tears” (V.ii.20-21). Essay Scale. F.R. Leavis would argue that here Othello is cause of deforestation essay, perhaps acting and has a “preoccupation with his emotions rather than with Desdemona in her own right”, however for me, he appears genuinely distressed, and certainly would cause the for kids audience to express pity at this point.

Overall, for me, Othello undoubtedly demonstrates the main qualities which define a tragic hero: his downfall is undeniable from the cause and effect of deforestation essay dramatic contrast in his character between the ap lang grading beginning and end of the play; he conveys a flaw of cause of deforestation essay, vulnerability and in addition to this, eventually expresses a recognition of his lack of judgement, unquestionably provoking an emotional response from the audience on numerous occasions. Therefore, for me, Othello represents the idea of a tragic hero to a great extent. In I,i, when Roderigo and the carefully concealed Iago begin to provoke Brabantio about dissertation proofreading service Desdemona having run off with Othello, Brabantio attacks Roderigo for his mere presence at Brabantio's house: By the end of the essay scene Brabantio tells Roderigo, O, would you had had her! What has provoked the change in Brabantio's attitude toward Roderigo is neither an Elizabethan father's concern that his daughter obey his will in marriage as in all other things (i.e., Desdemona has eloped with Othello). Nor is essays, it what Fredrickson calls the seventeenth century's traditional repugnance to the marriage of people of different social status or condition. It is, rather, Othello's blackness which appalls Brabantio when he thinks of cause of deforestation, Othello as the husband of his daughter. What brings Brabantio to dismay and to a new-found affection for Roderigo is on anger, Iago's repeated vulgar reference to the black-white sexual act between Othello and of deforestation Desdemona: Is tupping your white ewe. You'll have your daughter covered with a Barbary horse . Roderigo finally joins Iago in his taunts: Desdemona has run off To the gross clasps of a lascivious Moor.

It is precisely this crudely presented picture of miscegenation which so appalls Brabantio that he would rather Roderigo had married Desdemona than Othello. Socially, of dissertation proofreading desk, course, it is Othello who has much to offer Brabantio as a prospective son-in-law. He is, after all, the commanding general of the Venetian armies; he is highly respected and widely admired by the members of the Duke's court; he enjoys the full confidence of the Duke himself. What better match for cause and effect the daughter of a Senator! But Roderigo has one thing to offer which Othello lacks—white skin. And to Brabantio this quality far outweighs the social, political, and how to a great paper military attributes of Othello. Indeed, Brabantio charges Othello with witchcraft before the Duke's court. The black-white marriage is so unnatural to Brabantio that he cannot conceive of Desdemona marrying Othello of her own free will: Being not deficient, blind, or lame of sense, Sans witchcraft could not.

of years, of and effect of deforestation essay, country, credit, every- thing, To fall in love with what she fear'd to look on! It is a judgment maim'd and most imperfect. That will confess perfection so could err. Against all rules of nature, and must be driven. To find out practices of cunning hell, why this should be. Othello's opening remarks in self-defense attest both to his acceptance and to the line Brabantio had drawn in his attitude toward Othello: Still question'd me the story of my life.

Cassio's comment after Othello's suicide that he was great of heart is probably Shakespeare's last word on the Moor's character and shows him as a genuine hero of tragedy who exhibits universal human qualities in heightened form rather than the special traits of any race or nation. Othello's fatal flaw was perhaps not even an gulen youth essay competition excess of jealous passion ill-befitting an otherwise reasonable man. As Coleridge wrote, Othello's belief [in Desdemona's infidelity] is of deforestation, not caused by jealousy, it is forced on international essay him by Iago and is such as any man would and must feel who had believed in cause of deforestation essay Iago as Othello did. According to this interpretation, Othello's flaw was not the demented jealousy of a hot-blooded Moor but rather the generous fault of placing too much trust in dissertation proofreading undeserving men. In short, I think that Shakespeare conceived Othello not as the carrier of certain racial traits, but as a universal figure, a basically noble character who suffered an extreme misfortune that was only in part his own fault. I also think that he expected his audiences to accept this perspective and to sympathize with the of deforestation agony of a black hero.

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