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Breitbart News: Donald-Trump-Berater Steve Bannon und seine Hass-Webseite. Thesis. Steve Bannon wird Chefstratege des nachsten US-Prasidenten. List Of Phd In Law. Wer wissen will, wie er tickt, muss sich mit der Webseite Breitbart beschaftigen. Thesis Proposal Paper. Bannon etablierte das Portal als Plattform einer neuen, ultrarechten Bewegung. Analytical Help. Geboren und aufgewachsen in thesis proposal paper Luchow-Dannenberg/Niedersachsen. Odyssey. Studium der Anglistik, Geschichte und Germanistik (M.A.) in thesis proposal Berlin, Hamburg und Cardiff/Wales. Bibliography Appendix Order. Volontariat bei der Hamburger Morgenpost, Redakteurin bei Prinz, Bild Online und Bild; von 2005 bis 2007 Ressortleiterin Bild-Unterhaltung. Paper. Seit April 2007 Ressortleiterin Panorama bei SPIEGEL ONLINE, seit Februar 2011 Chefin vom Dienst. Wenig Zeit? Am Textende gibt's eine Zusammenfassung.

In einer Talkrunde des TV-Senders CNN sollte Joel Pollak folgende Frage beantworten: Ist Steve Bannon, Macher des Portals Breitbart News und Chefstratege des nachsten US-Prasidenten Donald Trump, ein Sexist, ein Antisemit, ein Vertreter der amerikanischen Neofaschisten, der sogenannten Alt Right? Steve Bannon ist ein Held, antwortete Breitbart-Redakteur Pollak. Essay. Er hat Donald Trump die Wahl gerettet, Amerika sei Steve Bannon zu tiefstem Dank verpflichtet. Write Paper. Dann fertigte Pollak im Stakkato die Verunglimpfungen ab, mit denen Bannon derzeit uberzogen werde. Bibliography Appendix Order. Es sei lacherlich, Bannon einen Antisemiten zu nennen. Thesis Proposal. Er selbst, sagte Pollak, sei schlie?lich orthodoxer Jude.

Er arbeite seit mehr als vier Jahren mit Bannon zusammen, der behandele alle Menschen gleich und habe nicht einen Funken Vorurteil in odyssey theme essay sich. Thesis Proposal. Pollaks Verteidigungsrede, die am nachsten Tag auf Breitbart gepriesen wurde (Joel Pollak nimmt es mit drei CNN-Experten auf), fugt sich ein in critical analytical help das laufende Programm des Portals. Dort sind zuletzt mehrere Artikel erschienen, die offensichtlich eine Imagepolitur des Trump-Beraters zum Ziel haben. Proposal. Steve Bannon ein Antisemit? Lacherlich, hei?t es auf Breitbart. Differences. Steve Bannon homophob? Die Medien lugen Sie wieder mal an, schreibt der rechtskonservative Blogger Jim Hoft, der sich kurzlich als schwul outete, auf Breitbart. Proposal Paper. Bannon habe nicht einen Funken Homophobie in theme loyalty sich.

Breitbart macht, was es immer macht, wenn dem Portal vorgeworfen wird, Hass zu verbreiten: abstreiten, zur Gegenattacke ubergehen. Write Thesis Proposal Paper. Man kennt diese Strategie aus dem US-Wahlkampf - von Donald Trump. Industry Paper. Dessen Reaktion, wenn man ihn mit seinem Sexismus konfrontierte: Niemand hat gro?eren Respekt vor Frauen als ich. Zentrale Figur bei Breitbart ist Stephen K. Thesis. Steve Bannon, genannt Trumps Gehirn. Comparing Authors. Bannon ubernahm die Plattform 2012 als geschaftsfuhrender Verwaltungsratsvorsitzender der Breitbart News LLC, nach dem plotzlichen Tod ihres Grunders, Andrew Breitbart, und machte aus einem obskuren Hass-Sammelbecken das mittlerweile meistbeachtete Hass-Sammelbecken der USA.

Im Wahlkampf war die Seite die Informationsquelle fur viele Trump-Wahler, die gro?en Medienportale hatten uberwiegend Hillary Clinton unterstutzt. Thesis. Stephen Steve Bannon (l.) Breitbart steigerte seine Reichweite in essay comparing den vergangenen Jahren kontinuierlich, im September 2016 verzeichnete die Seite rund 16 Millionen Unique User. Das liegt zwar weit hinter Medien wie New York Times oder Washington Post, doch in write thesis paper den sozialen Medien hat Breitbart zu etablierten Sendern und Magazinen aufgeschlossen. Write Comparing Authors. In der langen Wahlnacht des 8. Write Proposal. November ubertrumpfte das Portal in write essay comparing authors puncto Facebook-Interaktionsrate selbst Fox News, CNN und die New York Times. Write Thesis Paper. Das Forum als Tummelplatz der Hasser. Gender. Fremdenhass, LGBTQ-Hass, Frauenhass, Rassismus finden bei Breitbart ungefiltert Ausdruck. Proposal Paper. Wer liberale Positionen bezieht, gehort zum Establishment, zur Lugenpresse (auf Amerikanisch MSM, Mainstream Media). Appendix. Viele Artikel bei Breitbart funktionieren wie in paper diesem Beispiel: Die Uberschriften signalisieren ihre Wichtigkeit in Differences Gro?buchstaben (LENA DUNHAM BITTET PAUL RYAN: BITTE NICHT STEVE BANNON!), dann kommt ein kurzer, neutral gehaltener Bericht (in diesem Fall uber die US-Schauspielerin, die den Sprecher der republikanischen Partei auffordert, gegen die Berufung Steve Bannons vorzugehen). Paper. Erst im Forum entladt sich der Hass auf die liberale Bitch Dunham, ubelste Beschimpfungen wie Schwein, durchgeknallte Kuh werden ebenso unzensiert veroffentlicht wie Posts mit dem Wunsch, Dunham moge nach Somalia deportiert werden, wo schwarze Muslime sie sich dann vornahmen.

Andere Artikel sind offen tendenzios: Hillary Clinton wird am Dienstagabend auf Breitbart mit der Story nachgerufen: ZUSAMMENBRUCH IN DER WAHLNACHT: HILLARY CLINTON BRULLTE OBSZONITATEN UND WARF MIT SACHEN UM SICH, mehr als 3000-mal wird der Beitrag im Forum kommentiert, Tenor: Hillary wird sich demnachst zu Tode saufen. Die einseitige Themenauswahl und Prasentation der Storys haben einen kalkulierten Effekt, sie akkumulieren Sexismus, Xenophobie, Islamophobie, Rassismus, Antisemitismus - Hass. Write Essay. Sein Mantra verriet Steve Bannon 2015 dem Journalisten Joshua Green: facts get shares, opinions get shrugs, Fakten werden weiterverbreitet, Meinungsstucke ernten dagegen nur ein Schulterzucken. Write Proposal Paper. Je neutraler Breitbart in of phd thesis der Wortwahl seiner redaktionellen Beitrage also erscheint, desto effektiver ihre Wirkung. Write Thesis. Breitbart Media trug dazu bei, den politischen Diskurs in critical essay help den USA neu zu definieren, schreibt der Autor Ken Stern uber die Webseite. Thesis Paper. Es geht ausschlie?lich um Provokation. Theme Essay. Der verstorbene Grunder Andrew Breitbart sagte einst dem Magazin New Yorker: Ab und zu beschimpfe ich jemanden gerne mal als irre F. Write Thesis Proposal Paper. e, wenn es passt, nur fur die Wirkung. Joshua Green, der sein Bannon-Portrat mit Dieser Mann ist der gefahrlichste politische Agent Amerikas uberschrieb, konstatiert die grenzenlose Lust am Zundeln auch bei Bannon. Gender. Der sei gegen alles - wofur er aber eintritt, ist schwer auszuloten. Thesis Paper. Wenn es irgendwo eine Explosion gibt oder ein Feuer, wird Breitbart-Redakteur Matthew Boyle von Green zitiert, dann ist wahrscheinlich Steve in appendix order der Nahe mit Streichholzern.

Der fruhere Breitbart-Redakteur Ben Shapiro, der die Seite im Streit verlie?, konstatiert: Trump hat keine Grundwerte, und ich glaube nicht, dass Steve welche hat. Write Proposal Paper. Der Macher ging nach Harvard, war Investmentbanker. Gender. Steve Bannon gebe den Ton und die Themen der Seite vor wie ein Diktator, so der ehemalige Sprecher des Portals, Kurt Bardella. Write Thesis Paper. Bannon und der (damals noch) Kandidat Trump am 2. Bibliography. November 2016. Proposal Paper. Mit seiner Zielgruppe scheint den Macher zunachst nicht viel zu verbinden, als Harvard-Absolvent und einstiger Investmentbanker bei Goldman Sachs ahnelt Bannon den Vertretern des Establishments, die das 'Breitbart'-Publikum so hasst, schreibt Ken Stern. Was Bannon und die Breitbart-Konsumenten allerdings eine, sei die Neigung zu Kontroverse und Konfrontation. Thesis. Als der Breitbart-Star Milo Yiannopoulos im Sommer bei Twitter gesperrt wurde, weil er die Schauspielerin Leslie Jones mit rassistischen Tweets uberzogen hatte, reagierte Bannon laut Kern ihm gegenuber so: Hast du das von Milo gehort? Gro?artig. Proposal Paper. (Lesen Sie hier einen Essay uber Yiannopoulos von Laurie Penny.) Yiannopoulos veroffentlichte gemeinsam mit Allum Bokhari im Fruhjahr 2016 einen Beitrag, der die Ideen der Alt Right zusammenfasste und pries.

Der Artikel beschreibt die Bewegung als Kampfansage an essay, verbrauchte Konservative. Write. (Liberale sowieso) Globalisierung, und Freihandel werden ebenso verachtlich gemacht wie die Werte einer liberalen Gesellschaft, also Toleranz, Respekt, Inklusion. Thesis. Sprachrohr einer neuen gefahrlichen Bewegung. Thesis Proposal Paper. Die Alt Right propagiert demnach einen rassisch definierten Nationalismus, doch mit old school rassistischen Skinheads, mit denen man sie idiotischer Weise vergleiche, habe die Alt Right nichts zu tun, schrieben Yiannopoulos und Bokhari. List. Skinheads seien nur Gauner mit niedrigem IQ, getrieben von einer Lust an write proposal paper, Gewalt und Stammeshass. Coffee Industry Paper. Die alternative Rechte ist eine schlauere Gruppe, was vielleicht der Grund dafur ist, dass die Linke sie so hasst.

Sie ist gefahrlich schlau. Write Thesis Proposal. In einem Interview mit der Journalistin Sarah Posner sagte Steve Bannon im Sommer, Breitbart sei die Plattform der Alt Right. Write Essay Comparing. Sein Ziel konnte es sein, einen multimedialen Konzern weit rechts vom erfolgreichsten, konservativen US-Medium Fox News zu etablieren - als Sprachrohr einer neuen politischen Bewegung. Proposal Paper. In London und Jerusalem gibt es schon Breitbart-Buros, die Expansion in industry research paper weitere Lander ist beschlossen, auch in write proposal Deutschland und Frankreich will man rechte politische Plattformen unterstutzen. Bibliography Appendix. Breitbart News Network LLC gibt keine Umsatzzahlen heraus, wie das Unternehmen wirtschaftlich dasteht, ist unklar. Write Proposal. Besitzer sind die Erben Andrew Breitbarts und der Mitbegrunder Larry Solov, ob Stephen Bannon selbst Anteile besitzt, ist nicht bekannt. Loyalty. Wichtigster Geldgeber ist der Milliardar, Hedgefondsmanager und Trump-Unterstutzer Robert Mercer, seine Tochter Rebekah gehort zu Trumps Ubergangsteam.

Als Clinton die Seite erwahnt, wird gefeiert. Write Thesis Paper. Als Ritterschlag empfanden es die Breitbart-Macher, dass Hillary Clinton das Portal und Stephen Bannon in write essay einer Wahlkampfrede Ende August attackierte und einige ihrer Schlagzeilen zitierte. Proposal. (Verhutung macht Frauen hasslich und irre, Was ware Ihnen lieber: dass Ihr Kind Krebs hat oder Feminismus?) Das war ein gro?er Moment, sagte Breitbart-Chefredakteur Alexander Marlow. Write Authors. Dass uns eine Prasidentschaftskandidatin direkt herausfordert, war sehr aufregend. Write Paper. Marlow macht keinen Hehl aus seiner Genugtuung uber den Erfolg des Portals. Write Essay Authors. Viele andere Medien haben uns ausgelacht und beschimpft, sagte Marlow der New York Times. Write Paper. Jetzt wird anerkannt, dass wir ma?geblich dazu beigetragen haben, jemanden zum Prasidenten zu machen, und das genie?en wir.

Zusammengefasst : Die Internetseite Breitbart gilt als wichtige Info-Quelle fur viele Trump-Fans - und hatte einen gewissen Anteil an Gender, dessen Wahlerfolg. Chef Steve Bannon steuerte die Medienkampagne des Kandidaten und wird nun wohl dessen Chefstratege im Wei?en Haus. Thesis Proposal Paper. Auf der Seite werden, vor allem in write comparing den Foren und Kommentarspalten, teils ubelste Beschimpfungen und Theorien zugelassen. Thesis. Das Portal verbreitet vor allem eines: Hass. Theme Essay. Fotostrecke: Die Seite, auf die Trump-Fans horen Expansionsplane: Le Pen wurde mit Breitbart News zusammenarbeiten (15.11.2016) Wahlkampfchef Bannon: Trumps Gehirn (11.11.2016) Neuer Stabschef Priebus: Der Anti-Trump (14.11.2016) Falken, Buddys, Spin-Doktoren: Mit dieser Truppe will Trump regieren (11.11.2016) Lehren aus dem Internet-Wahlkampf: Der Troll-in-chief (10.11.2016) Vorwurfe gegen Stephen Bannon: Auch Trumps neuer Wahlkampf-Chef macht Arger (27.08.2016) Laurie Penny bei den Republikanern: Im siebten Stock der Holle (24.07.2016) Donald Trumps Berater-Karussell: Strippenzieherin und Stra?enkampfer (18.08.2016) Endlich verstandlich: Trump gegen Clinton - alle Fakten zur US-Wahl (21.07.2016) Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Write Thesis Proposal Paper. Serviceangebote von SPIEGEL-ONLINE-Partnern. Bitte deaktivieren Sie Ihren Adblocker!

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Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. John Locke was among the most famous philosophers and political theorists of the 17 th century. He is often regarded as the founder of a school of thought known as British Empiricism, and he made foundational contributions to modern theories of limited, liberal government. Write Thesis. He was also influential in the areas of theology, religious toleration, and educational theory. In his most important work, the Essay Concerning Human Understanding , Locke set out to offer an analysis of the comparing authors, human mind and its acquisition of knowledge.

He offered an empiricist theory according to which we acquire ideas through our experience of the write thesis, world. The mind is then able to examine, compare, and combine these ideas in numerous different ways. Knowledge consists of a special kind of relationship between different ideas. Locke’s emphasis on the philosophical examination of the human mind as a preliminary to the philosophical investigation of the world and thesis order, its contents represented a new approach to philosophy, one which quickly gained a number of converts, especially in Great Britain. In addition to this broader project, the Essay contains a series of more focused discussions on important, and widely divergent, philosophical themes. In politics, Locke is best known as a proponent of thesis, limited government. He uses a theory of natural rights to argue that governments have obligations to their citizens, have only limited powers over their citizens, and Gender Differences, can ultimately be overthrown by citizens under certain circumstances. He also provided powerful arguments in favor of religious toleration. This article attempts to give a broad overview of all key areas of Locke’s thought.

John Locke was born in write proposal 1632 in odyssey essay Wrington, a small village in southwestern England. Write Thesis Proposal. His father, also named John, was a legal clerk and served with the Parliamentary forces in the English Civil War. His family was well-to-do, but not of particularly high social or economic standing. Gender. Locke spent his childhood in the West Country and as a teenager was sent to Westminster School in London. Locke was successful at Westminster and earned a place at Christ Church, Oxford. He was to remain in Oxford from 1652 until 1667. Although he had little appreciation for write proposal, the traditional scholastic philosophy he learned there, Locke was successful as a student and after completing his undergraduate degree he held a series of administrative and academic posts in comparing the college. Some of Locke’s duties included instruction of undergraduates.

One of his earliest substantive works, the Essays on thesis proposal paper, the Law of Nature , was developed in the course of his teaching duties. Gender Differences. Much of Locke’s intellectual effort and energy during his time at Oxford, especially during his later years there, was devoted to the study of medicine and natural philosophy (what we would now call science). Locke read widely in these fields, participated in various experiments, and became acquainted with Robert Boyle and many other notable natural philosophers. Write Thesis Paper. He also undertook the normal course of education and training to become a physician. Locke left Oxford for London in 1667 where he became attached to the family of Anthony Ashley Cooper (then Lord Ashley, later the Earl of Shaftesbury). Locke may have played a number of roles in the household, mostly likely serving as tutor to Ashley’s son. In London, Locke continued to pursue his interests in coffee paper medicine and natural philosophy. He formed a close working relationship with Thomas Sydenham, who later became one the most famous physicians of the age. He made a number of contacts within the newly formed Royal Society and became a member in paper 1668.

He also acted as the personal physician to thesis bibliography appendix, Lord Ashley. Indeed, on one occasion Locke participated in proposal paper a very delicate surgical operation which Ashley credited with saving his life. Ashley was one of the most prominent English politicians at the time. Through his patronage Locke was able to hold a series of governmental posts. Analytical Help. Most of his work related to write thesis proposal paper, policies in England’s American and Caribbean colonies. Most importantly, this was the period in Locke’s life when he began the project which would culminate in analytical his most famous work, the Essay Concerning Human Understanding . The two earliest drafts of that work date from 1671. Write Proposal Paper. He was to continue work on in law, this project intermittentlyfor nearly twenty years. Locke travelled in France for several years starting in 1675. When he returned to England it was only to be for a few years. The political scene had changed greatly while Locke was away.

Shaftesbury (as Ashley was now known) was out of proposal paper, favor and essay comparing, Locke’s association with him had become a liability. It was around this time that Locke composed his most famous political work, the Two Treatises Concerning Government . Although the Two Treatises would not be published until 1689 they show that he had already solidified his views on the nature and proper form of government. Thesis Paper. Following Shaftesbury’s death Locke fled to Differences, the Netherlands to escape political persecution. While there Locke travelled a great deal (sometimes for his own safety) and worked on two projects. Write Thesis Proposal. First, he continued work on odyssey theme loyalty essay, the Essay . Second, he wrote a work entitled Epistola de Tolerantia , which was published anonymously in 1689. Locke’s experiences in England, France, and the Netherlands convinced him that governments should be much more tolerant of religious diversity than was common at write, the time. Following the Glorious Revolution of 1688-1689 Locke was able to return to help, England. He published both the write thesis proposal, Essay and the Two Treatises (the second anonymously) shortly after his return. He initially stayed in London but soon moved to the home of Francis and Damaris Masham in the small village of Oates, Essex. Damaris Masham, who was the write comparing, daughter of a notable philosopher named Ralph Cudworth, had become acquainted with Locke several years before.

The two formed a very close friendship which lasted until Locke’s death. During this period Locke kept busy working on write paper, politics, toleration, philosophy, economics, and educational theory. Locke engaged in a number of controversies during his life, including a notable one with Jonas Proast over toleration. But Locke’s most famous and philosophically important controversy was with Edward Stillingfleet, the Bishop of Worcester. Stillingfleet, in addition to being a powerful political and theological figure, was an astute and forceful critic. Thesis Bibliography Order. The two men debated a number of the positions in the Essay in a series of published letters. In his later years Locke devoted much of his attention to theology. His major work in this field was The Reasonableness of proposal, Christianity , published (again anonymously) in 1695.

This work was controversial because Locke argued that many beliefs traditionally believed to be mandatory for appendix, Christians were unnecessary. Locke argued for a highly ecumenical form of thesis, Christianity. Closer to the time of his death Locke wrote a work on the Pauline Epistles. The work was unfinished, but published posthumously. A short work on miracles also dates from this time and was published posthumously. Locke suffered from health problems for most of his adult life. In particular, he had respiratory ailments which were exacerbated by his visits to London where the air quality was very poor. His health took a turn for the worse in 1704 and he became increasingly debilitated. He died on 28 October 1704 while Damaris Masham was reading him the Psalms. He was buried at High Laver, near Oates.

He wrote his own epitaph which was both humble and order, forthright. According to write proposal paper, Locke’s own account the motivation for loyalty, writing the Essay came to him while debating an unrelated topic with friends. He reports that they were able to thesis, make little headway on this topic and that they very quickly met with a number of confusions and difficulties. Locke realized that to make progress on odyssey loyalty, this topic it was first necessary to examine something more fundamental: the human understanding. It was “necessary to examine our own Abilities, and see, what Objects our Understandings were, or were not fitted to deal with.” ( Epistle , 7).

Locke’s insight was that before we can analyze the world and proposal paper, our access to it we have to know something about ourselves. We need to know how we acquire knowledge. We also need to know which areas of inquiry we are well suited to and which are epistemically closed to us, that is, which areas are such that we could not know them even in principle. We further need to know what knowledge consists in. In keeping with these questions, at the very outset of the Essay Locke writes that it is his “ Purpose enquire into the Original, Certainty, and Extent of humane Knowledge; together, with the Grounds and critical analytical, Degrees of Belief, Opinion, and Assent.” (1.1.2, 42). Locke thinks that it is only once we understand our cognitive capabilities that we can suitably direct our researches into the world. This may have been what Locke had in mind when he claimed that part of his ambition in the Essay was to be an “Under-Laborer” who cleared the ground and laid the foundations for the work of famous scientists like Robert Boyle and Isaac Newton. The Essay is divided into four books with each book contributing to Locke’s overall goal of examining the human mind with respect to its contents and operations. In Book I Locke rules out one possible origin of our knowledge.

He argues that our knowledge cannot have been innate. This sets up Book II in which Locke argues that all of thesis paper, our ideas come from experience. In this book he seeks to give an account of how even ideas like God, infinity, and space could have been acquired through our perceptual access to the world and our mental operations. Book III is something of a digression as Locke turns his attention to language and the role it plays in our theorizing. Locke’s main goal here is cautionary, he thinks language is often an obstacle to understanding and he offers some recommendations to avoid confusion. Finally, Book IV discusses knowledge, belief, and opinion. Locke argues that knowledge consists of odyssey loyalty, special kinds of relations between ideas and that we should regulate our beliefs accordingly.

The first chapter of the Essay contains an write thesis proposal apology for the frequent use of the word “idea” in the book. According to Locke, ideas are the fundamental units of mental content and so play an integral role in thesis bibliography his explanation of the human mind and his account of our knowledge. Locke was not the first philosopher to give ideas a central role; Descartes, for example, had relied heavily on write proposal paper, them in explaining the human mind. But figuring out precisely what Locke means by “idea” has led to disputes among commentators. One place to begin is with Locke’s own definition. He claims that by “idea” he means “whatsoever is the Object of the Understanding when a Man thinks…whatever is meant by Phantasm, Notion, Species , or whatever it is, which the Differences, Mind can be employ’d about in write thesis proposal paper thinking.” (1.1.8, 47). This definition is helpful insofar as it reaffirms the central role that ideas have in Locke’s account of the understanding. Ideas are the sole entities upon which our minds work. Locke’s definition, however, is less than helpful insofar as it contains an ambiguity.

On one reading, ideas are mental objects . The thought is that when an theme loyalty agent perceives an external world object like an apple there is write thesis paper, some thing in her mind which represents that apple. So when an agent considers an apple what she is really doing is thinking about the idea of bibliography appendix, that apple. On a different reading, ideas are mental actions . Proposal Paper. The thought here is order, that when an agent perceives an write thesis apple she is of phd in law, really perceiving the apple in a direct, unmediated way. The idea is the paper, mental act of making perceptual contact with the external world object. In recent years, most commentators have adopted the first of Gender, these two readings. But this debate will be important in the discussion of knowledge below. The first of the Essay ’s four books is thesis proposal paper, devoted to a critique of nativism, the doctrine that some ideas are innate in the human mind, rather than received in experience. Gender Differences. It is unclear precisely who Locke’s targets in this book are, though Locke does cite Herbert of Cherbury and other likely candidates include Rene Descartes, the Cambridge Platonists, and a number of lesser known Anglican theologians. Finding specific targets, however, might not be that important given that much of what Locke seeks to do in Book I is motivate and make plausible the alternative account of idea acquisition that he offers in paper Book II.

The nativist view which Locke attacks in Book I holds that human beings have mental content which is thesis bibliography appendix, innate in the mind. This means that there are certain ideas (units of mental content) which were neither acquired via experience nor constructed by the mind out of write proposal, ideas received in Gender experience. The most popular version of this position holds that there are certain ideas which God planted in all minds at the moment of their creation. Locke attacks both the view that we have any innate principles (for example, the whole is greater than the part, do unto others as you would have done unto you, etc.) as well as the view that there are any innate singular ideas (for example, God, identity, substance, and so forth). The main thrust of Locke’s argument lies in pointing out that none of the mental content alleged to be innate is universally shared by all humans. He notes that children and the mentally disabled, for example, do not have in proposal paper their minds an allegedly innate complex thought like “equals taken from list, equals leave equals”. Write Thesis. He also uses evidence from travel literature to point out that many non-Europeans deny what were taken to be innate moral maxims and that some groups even lack the idea of a God. Locke takes the fact that not all humans have these ideas as evidence that they were not implanted by God in humans minds, and that they are therefore acquired rather than innate. There is analytical essay help, one misunderstanding which it is write paper, important to avoid when considering Locke’s anti-nativism.

The misunderstanding is, in part, suggested by Locke’s claim that the analytical, mind is like a tabula rasa (a blank slate) prior to sense experience. This makes it sound as though the write paper, mind is nothing prior to odyssey theme loyalty essay, the advent of ideas. In fact, Locke’s position is thesis paper, much more nuanced. He makes it clear that the list of phd thesis in law, mind has any number of inherent capacities, predispositions, and inclinations prior to receiving any ideas from sensation. His anti-nativist point is just that none of these is triggered or exercised until the mind receives ideas from sensation. In Book II Locke offers his alternative theory of how the human mind comes to proposal paper, be furnished with the ideas it has. Every day we think of complex things like orange juice, castles, justice, numbers, and motion. Locke’s claim is that the ultimate origin of all of these ideas lies in experience: “ Experience : In that, all our Knowledge is founded; and from that it ultimately derives itself. Write Comparing Authors. Our Observation employ’d either about external, sensible Objects ; or about the write, internal Operations of our Minds, perceived and reflected on by ourselves, is that, which supplies our Understandings with all the material of thinking . These two are the critical analytical help, Fountains of Knowledge, from whence all the thesis, Ideas we have, or can naturally have, do spring.” (2.1.2, 104). In the above passage Locke allows for two distinct types of experience.

Outer experience, or sensation, provides us with ideas from the Gender, traditional five senses. Sight gives us ideas of colors, hearing gives us ideas of sounds, and so on. Thus, my idea of a particular shade of green is a product of seeing a fern. And my idea of a particular tone is the product of my being in the vicinity of a piano while it was being played. Inner experience, or reflection, is slightly more complicated.

Locke thinks that the human mind is incredibly active; it is constantly performing what he calls operations. Thesis. For example, I often remember past birthday parties, imagine that I was on vacation, desire a slice of pizza, or doubt that England will win the World Cup. Locke believes that we are able to notice or experience our mind performing these actions and when we do we receive ideas of reflection. These are ideas such as memory, imagination, desire, doubt, judgment, and comparing authors, choice. Locke’s view is that experience (sensation and reflection) issues us with simple ideas. These are the minimal units of mental content; each simple idea is “in itself uncompounded, [and] contains in it nothing but one uniform Appearance , or Conception in the mind, and is not distinguishable into different Ideas .” (2.2.1, 119). Write Thesis Paper. But many of industry, my ideas are not simple ideas.

My idea of write thesis paper, a glass of orange juice or my idea of the New York subway system, for example, could not be classed a simple ideas. Locke calls ideas like these complex ideas. His view is Differences, that complex ideas are the product of combining our simple ideas together in various ways. For example, my complex idea of a glass of orange juice consists of various simple ideas (the color orange, the feeling of coolness, a certain sweet taste, a certain acidic taste, and thesis proposal, so forth) combined together into one object. Thus, Locke believes our ideas are compositional. Simple ideas combine to form complex ideas. And these complex ideas can be combined to form even more complex ideas. We are now in Gender Differences a position to understand the write proposal paper, character of Locke’s empiricism. He is committed to the view that all of our ideas, everything we can possibly think of, can be broken down into simple ideas received in paper experience. The bulk of Book II is devoted to making this empiricism plausible.

Locke does this both by undertaking an examination of the various abilities that the human mind has (memory, abstraction, volition, and so forth) and by offering an account of thesis paper, how even abstruse ideas like space, infinity, God, and causation could be constructed using only the simple ideas received in experience. Our complex ideas are classified into three different groups: substances, modes, and relations. Ideas of substances are ideas of things which are thought to exist independently. Ordinary objects like desks, sheep, and mountains fall into list in law this group. But there are also ideas of collective substances, which consist of individuals substances considered as forming a whole. A group of individual buildings might be considered a town. And a group of individual men and women might be considered together as an army.

In addition to describing the way we think about proposal individual substances, Locke also has an bibliography appendix order interesting discussion of substance-in-general. What is it that particular substances like shoes and spoons are made out of? We could suggest that they are made out of leather and write thesis paper, metal. But the question could be repeated, what are leather and critical, metal made of? We might respond that they are made of matter. But even here, Locke thinks we can ask what matter is made of. What gives rise to the properties of thesis paper, matter? Locke claims that we don’t have a very clear idea here. So our idea of substances will always be somewhat confused because we do not really know what stands under, supports, or gives rise to observable properties like extension and solidity.

Ideas of bibliography order, modes are ideas of things which are dependent on substances in paper some way. In general, this taxonomic category can be somewhat tricky. It does not seem to have a clear parallel in contemporary metaphysics, and it is sometimes thought to be a mere catch-all category for things which are neither substances nor relations. But it is helpful to theme, think of modes as being like features of substances; modes are “such complex Ideas , which however compounded, contain not in thesis them the supposition of Gender Differences, subsisting by themselves, but are considered as Dependences on, or Affections of Substances.” (2.12.4, 165). Modes come in write proposal paper two types: simple and mixed. Odyssey. Simple modes are constructed by combining a large number of a single type of simple ideas together. For example, Locke believes there is a simple idea of unity. Our complex idea of the number seven, for example, is a simple mode and is constructed by concatenating seven simple ideas of thesis paper, unity together. Locke uses this category to explain how we think about Differences a number of topics relating to number, space, time, pleasure and thesis, pain, and cognition. Mixed modes, on the other hand, involve combining together simple ideas of more than one kind. A great many ideas fall into this category.

But the most important ones are moral ideas. Our ideas of theft, murder, promising, duty, and the like all count as mixed modes. Ideas of relations are ideas that involve more than one substance. Coffee Industry Research. My idea of a husband, for write proposal, example, is more than the idea of an individual man. It also must include the idea of another substance, namely the critical analytical essay help, idea of write thesis proposal, that man’s spouse. Locke is keen to point out that much more of our thought involves relations than we might previously have thought.

For example, when I think about Elizabeth II as the Queen of England my thinking actually involves relations, because I cannot truly think of Elizabeth as a queen without conceiving of her as having a certain relationship of sovereignty to some subjects (individual substances like David Beckham and J.K. Rowling). Locke then goes on to explore the essay help, role that relations have in our thinking about proposal paper causation, space, time, morality, and (very famously) identity. Throughout his discussion of the different kinds of analytical essay, complex ideas Locke is keen to emphasize that all of our ideas can ultimately be broken down into simple ideas received in sensation and proposal, reflection. Put differently, Locke is keenly aware that the success of his empiricist theory of mind depends on its ability to account for all the contents of our minds. Whether or not Locke is successful is a matter of dispute. On some occasions the analysis he gives of odyssey loyalty, how a very complex idea could be constructed using only simple ideas is vague and requires the reader to thesis paper, fill in some gaps. And commentators have also suggested that some of the simple ideas Locke invokes, for example the simple ideas of power and unity, do not seem to be obvious components of our phenomenological experience.

Book II closes with a number of chapters designed to help us evaluate the theme loyalty essay, quality of our ideas. Paper. Our ideas are better, according to coffee research, Locke, insofar as they are clear, distinct, real, adequate, and true. Our ideas are worse insofar as they are obscure, confused, fantastical, inadequate, and false. Proposal Paper. Clarity and write essay authors, obscurity are explained via an analogy to vision. Proposal. Clear ideas, like clear images, are crisp and fresh, not faded or diminished in the way that obscure ideas (or images) are. Distinction and odyssey theme essay, confusion have to do with the individuation of write proposal paper, ideas. Ideas are distinct when there is only one word which corresponds to them. Confused ideas are ones to thesis appendix order, which more than one word can correctly apply or ones that lack a clear and consistent correlation to one particular word. To use one of Locke’s examples, an thesis proposal idea of a leopard as a beast with spots would be confused. It is not distinct because the word “lynx” could apply to that idea just as easily as the word “leopard.” Real ideas are those that have a “foundation in nature” whereas fantastical ideas are those created by the imagination. For example, our idea of list of phd in law, a horse would be a real idea and our idea of a unicorn would be fantastical.

Adequacy and thesis proposal, inadequacy have to do with how well ideas match the patterns according to which they were made. Adequate ideas perfectly represent the thing they are meant to depict; inadequate ideas fail to do this. Ideas are true when the mind understands them in a way that is correct according to in law, linguistic practices and the way the world is structured. They are false when the mind misunderstands them along these lines. In these chapters Locke also explains which categories of ideas are better or worse according to this evaluative system. Simple ideas do very well. Thesis Paper. Because objects directly produce them in the mind they tend to critical essay, be clear, distinct, and so forth. Ideas of modes and relations also tend to paper, do very well, but for a different reason. Write Essay Comparing. Locke thinks that the archetypes of write thesis paper, these ideas are in list thesis in law the mind rather than in the world. As such, it is proposal, easy for these ideas to be good because the mind has a clear sense of thesis bibliography, what the ideas should be like as it constructs them.

By contrast, ideas of substances tend to fare very poorly. The archetypes for these ideas are external world objects. Because our perceptual access to these objects is write proposal, limited in a number of ways and because these objects are so intricate, ideas of substances tend to be confused, inadequate, false, and so forth. Book III of the Essay is concerned with language. Locke admits that this topic is something of a digression. He did not originally plan for language to thesis bibliography appendix, take up an entire book of the Essay . But he soon began to realize that language plays an important role in our cognitive lives. Book III begins by noting this and by write thesis, discussing the nature and bibliography appendix, proper role of language. But a major portion of Book III is devoted to combating the misuse of language.

Locke believes that improper use of language is one of the write thesis, greatest obstacles to appendix order, knowledge and clear thought. He offers a diagnosis of the problems caused by language and proposal, recommendations for avoiding these problems. Locke believes that language is a tool for in law, communicating with other human beings. Specifically, Locke thinks that we want to communicate about our ideas, the contents of our minds. From here it is thesis paper, a short step to the view that: “ Words in Gender their primary or immediate Signification, stand for nothing, but the Ideas in the Mind of him that uses them .” (3.2.2, 405). When an agent utters the word “gold” she is referring to her idea of a shiny, yellowish, malleable substance of great value. Write Thesis Proposal. When she utters the word “carrot” she is referring to her idea of in law, a long, skinny, orange vegetable which grows underground. Locke is, of write thesis paper, course, aware that the coffee industry research, names we choose for these ideas are arbitrary and merely a matter of proposal paper, social convention.

Although the primary use of words is to refer to ideas in the mind of the speaker, Locke also allows that words make what he calls “secret reference” to coffee, two other things. Paper. First, humans also want their words to refer to the corresponding ideas in the minds of other humans. When Smith says “carrot” within earshot of Jones her hope is that Jones also has an idea of the in law, long, skinny vegetable and that saying “carrot” will bring that idea into Jones’ mind. After all, communication would be impossible without the supposition that our words correspond to ideas in the minds of others. Second, humans suppose that their words stand for objects in the world.

When Smith says “carrot” she wants to write proposal, refer to critical analytical help, more than just her idea, she also wants to refer to the long skinny objects themselves. But Locke is paper, suspicious of these two other ways of understanding signification. He thinks the analytical, latter one, in particular, is illegitimate. After discussing these basic features of language and reference Locke goes on to discuss specific cases of the proposal, relationship between ideas and words: words used for simple ideas, words used for paper, modes, words used for substances, the way in thesis proposal paper which a single word can refer to a multiplicity of ideas, and so forth. There is also an interesting chapter on “particles.” These are words which do not refer to an idea but instead refer to a certain connection which holds between ideas. For example, if I say “Secretariat is brown” the word “Secretariat” refers to my idea of a certain racehorse, and “brown” refers to my idea of a certain color, but the word “is” does something different. That word is a particle and indicates that I am expressing something about the relationship between my ideas of Secretariat and brown and suggesting that they are connected in a certain way. Other particles includes words like “and”, “but”, “hence”, and so forth. As mentioned above, the problems of language are a major concern of Book III.

Locke thinks that language can lead to analytical essay, confusion and misunderstanding for write paper, a number of reasons. The signification of words is arbitrary, rather than natural, and this means it can be difficult to understand which words refer to which ideas. Research Paper. Many of thesis, our words stand for ideas which are complex, hard to acquire, or both. So many people will struggle to use those words appropriately. And, in some cases, people will even use words when they have no corresponding idea or only a very confused and inadequate corresponding idea.

Locke claims that this is exacerbated by essay comparing authors, the fact that we are often taught words before we have any idea what the word signifies. A child, for example, might be taught the word “government” at a young age, but it will take her years to form a clear idea of what governments are and paper, how they operate. People also often use words inconsistently or equivocate on their meaning. Write Authors. Finally, some people are led astray because they believe that their words perfectly capture reality. Recall from thesis paper, above that people secretly and list of phd thesis, incorrectly use their words to refer to write thesis proposal paper, objects in the external world.

The problem is critical essay help, that people might be very wrong about what those objects are like. Locke thinks that a result of proposal paper, all this is that people are seriously misusing language and that many debates and discussions in important fields like science, politics, and philosophy are confused or consist of merely verbal disputes. Locke provides a number of examples of language causing problems: Cartesians using “body” and “extension” interchangeably, even though the two ideas are distinct; physiologists who agree on all the facts yet have a long dispute because they have different understandings of the word “liquor”; Scholastic philosophers using the term “prime matter” when they are unable to actually frame an idea of such a thing, and so forth. The remedies that Locke recommends for fixing these problems created by language are somewhat predictable. But Locke is quick to point out that while they sound like easy fixes they are actually quite difficult to implement.

The first and most important step is to odyssey theme, only use words when we have clear ideas attached to them. (Again, this sounds easy, but many of us might actually struggle to come up with a clear idea corresponding to even everyday terms like “glory” or “fascist”.) We must also strive to make sure that the ideas attached to terms are as complete as possible. We must strive to write paper, ensure that we use words consistently and do not equivocate; every time we utter a word we should use it to signify one and the same idea. Finally, we should communicate our definitions of Gender, words to others. In Book IV, having already explained how the mind is furnished with the ideas it has, Locke moves on to discuss knowledge and belief. A good place to thesis proposal, start is with a quote from the beginning of Book IV: “ Knowledge then seems to me to be nothing but the perception of the connexion and agreement, or disagreement and repugnancy of any of critical analytical essay, our Ideas . Where this Perception is, there is Knowledge, and where it is not, there, though we may fancy, guess, or believe, yet we always come short of Knowledge.” (4.2.2, 525). Locke spends the first part of Book IV clarifying and exploring this conception of knowledge. The second part focuses on how we should apportion belief in cases where we lack knowledge. What does Locke mean by the “connection and agreement” and the “disagreement and repugnancy” of our ideas? Some examples might help. Thesis Proposal. Bring to mind your idea of white and appendix order, your idea of black.

Locke thinks that upon write thesis proposal, doing this you will immediately perceive that they are different, they “disagree”. It is when you perceive this disagreement that you know the fact that white is not black. Differences. Those acquainted with American geography will know that Boise is in Idaho. On Locke’s account of knowledge, this means that they are able to perceive a certain connection that obtains between their idea of Idaho and their idea of Boise. Locke enumerates four dimensions along which there might be this sort of agreement or disagreement between ideas. First, we can perceive when two ideas are identical or non-identical. For example, knowing that sweetness is not bitterness consists in perceiving that the idea of sweetness is not identical to the idea of bitterness. Second, we can perceive relations that obtain between ideas. For example, knowing that 7 is greater than 3 consists in perceiving that there is write proposal, a size relation of bigger and smaller between the Differences, two ideas. Third, we can perceive when our idea of a certain feature accompanies our idea of a certain thing. If I know that ice is cold this is because I perceive that my idea of cold always accompanies my idea of thesis proposal, ice.

Fourthly, we can perceive when existence agrees with any idea. I can have knowledge of this fourth kind when, for example, I perform the cogito and recognize the special relation between my idea of myself and my idea of existence. Locke thinks that all of our knowledge consists in Gender Differences agreements or disagreements of proposal paper, one of bibliography, these types. After detailing the types of relations between ideas which constitute knowledge Locke continues on to discuss three “degrees” of proposal paper, knowledge in 4.2. Essay Help. These degrees seem to consist in different ways of knowing something.

The first degree Locke calls intuitive knowledge. An agent possesses intuitive knowledge when she directly perceives the connection between two ideas. This is the best kind of knowledge, as Locke says “Such kind of Truths, the Mind perceives at thesis proposal, the first sight of the Ideas together, by comparing authors, bare Intuition , without the intervention of any other Idea ; and write thesis proposal paper, this kind of knowledge is the clearest, and most certain, that humane Frailty is list of phd thesis, capable of.” (4.2.1, 531). The second degree of knowledge is called demonstrative. Proposal. Often it is impossible to theme, perceive an immediate connection between two ideas. For example, most of us are unable to tell that the write thesis, three interior angles of a triangle are equal to two right angles simply by looking at them. But most of us, with the assistance of a mathematics teacher, can be made to see that they are equal by means of a geometric proof or demonstration.

This is the model for demonstrative knowledge. Even if one is unable to directly perceive a relation between idea-X and idea-Y one might perceive a relation indirectly by means of idea-A and idea-B. This will be possible if the agent has intuitive knowledge of thesis bibliography, a connection between X and A, between A and B, and then between B and Y. Demonstrative knowledge consists, therefore, in a string of relations each of which is known intuitively. The third degree of knowledge is called sensitive knowledge and has been the source of considerable debate and confusion among Locke commentators. For one thing, Locke is unclear as to write thesis, whether sensitive knowledge even counts as knowledge. He writes that intuitive and write authors, demonstrative knowledge are, properly speaking, the only forms of knowledge, but that “There is, indeed, another Perception of the Mind…which going beyond bare probability, and yet not reaching perfectly to either of the foregoing degrees of proposal, certainty, passes under the name of Knowledge.” (4.2.14, 537). List In Law. Sensitive knowledge has to do with the write proposal paper, relationship between our ideas and the objects in the external world that produce them. Research Paper. Locke claims that we can be certain that when we perceive something, an orange, for example, there is an object in write the external world which is responsible for these sensations. Part of Locke’s claim is that there is a serious qualitative difference between biting into an orange and remembering biting into thesis bibliography appendix order an orange. There is something in the phenomenological experience of the former which assures us of a corresponding object in the external world.

Locke spends a fair amount of time in Book IV responding to worries that he is a skeptic or that his account of knowledge, with its emphasis on ideas, fails to be responsive to the external world. Write Thesis. The general worry for Locke is fairly simple. By claiming that ideas are the only things humans have epistemic access to, and by claiming that knowledge relates only to our ideas, Locke seems to rule out the claim that we can ever know about the external world. Lockean agents are trapped behind a “veil of ideas.” Thus we cannot have any assurance that our ideas provide us with reliable information about the external world. We cannot know what it would be for an idea to resemble or represent an object. And we cannot tell, without the ability to step outside our own minds, whether our ideas did this reliably. This criticism has historically been thought to thesis bibliography appendix order, endanger Locke’s entire project. Gilbert Ryle’s memorable assessment is that “nearly every youthful student of philosophy both can and does in his second essay refute Locke’s entire Theory of write proposal, Knowledge.” Recent scholarship has been much more charitable to Locke. But the central problem is still a pressing one. Debates about the Gender Differences, correct understanding of sensitive knowledge are obviously important when considering these issues. At first blush, the relation involved in write thesis sensitive knowledge seems to be a relation between an idea and a physical object in theme the world.

But, if this reading is correct, then it becomes difficult to understand the many passages in paper which Locke insists that knowledge is a relation that holds only Gender, between ideas. Also relevant are debates about write thesis how to correctly understand Lockean ideas. Recall from above that although many understand ideas as mental objects, some understand them as mental acts. While most of the text seems to favor the first interpretation, it seems that the coffee industry research, second interpretation has a significant advantage when responding to these skeptical worries. The reason is write proposal, that the connection between ideas and external world objects is built right into the definition of an idea. An idea just is a perception of an external world object. However the debates discussed in the previous paragraph are resolved, there is a consensus among commentators that Locke believes the scope of human understanding is very narrow. Humans are not capable of very much knowledge. Locke discusses this is 4.3, a chapter entitled “Extent of Humane Knowledge.” The fact that our knowledge is so limited should come as no surprise.

We have already discussed the ways in which our ideas of substances are problematic. And we have just seen that we have no real understanding of the thesis bibliography, connection between our ideas and the objects that produce them. The good news, however, is that while our knowledge might not be very extensive, it is sufficient for our needs. Locke’s memorable nautical metaphor holds that: “’Tis of great use to the Sailor to paper, know the length of his Line, though he cannot with it fathom all the depths of the Ocean. ‘Tis well he knows, that it is long enough to essay comparing authors, reach the proposal paper, bottom, at such Places, as are necessary to direct his Voyage, and caution him against running upon bibliography appendix, Shoales, that may ruin him. Our Business here is not to know all things, but those which concern our Conduct.” (1.1.6, 46).

Locke thinks we have enough knowledge to live comfortable lives on thesis paper, Earth, to realize that there is a God, to understand morality and behave appropriately, and to gain salvation. Our knowledge of morality, in particular, is very good. Locke even suggests that we might develop a demonstrable system of morality similar to Euclid’s demonstrable system of geometry. This is possible because our moral ideas are ideas of modes, rather than ideas of substances. And our ideas of modes do much better on Locke’s evaluative scheme than our ideas of substances do. Thesis Order. Finally, while the thesis paper, limits to our knowledge might be disappointing, Locke notes that recognizing these limits is important and useful insofar as it will help us to better organize our intellectual inquiry. We will be saved from coffee industry paper, investigating questions which we could never know the answers to and can focus our efforts on areas where progress is possible. One benefit of Locke’s somewhat bleak assessment of the scope of write proposal, our knowledge was that it caused him to focus on an area which was underappreciated by many of his contemporaries. This was the arena of judgment or opinion, belief states which fall short of knowledge.

Given that we have so little knowledge (that we can be certain of so little) the realm of probability becomes very important. Recall that knowledge consists in Gender a perceived agreement or disagreement between two ideas. Belief that falls short of knowledge (judgment or opinion) consists in a presumed agreement or disagreement between two ideas. Consider an write thesis paper example: I am not entirely sure who the Prime Minister of Canada is, but I am somewhat confident it is Stephen Harper. Locke’s claim is that in judging that the Canadian PM is Stephen Harper I am acting as though a relation holds between the two ideas. I do not directly perceive a connection between my idea of Stephen Harper and bibliography order, my idea of the Canadian PM, but I presume that one exists. After offering this account of write proposal, what judgment is, Locke offers an analysis of how and why we form the opinions we do and offers some recommendations for forming our opinions responsibly.

This includes a diagnosis of the errors people make in judging, a discussion of the different degrees of assent, and an interesting discussion of the epistemic value of coffee industry research paper, testimony. As discussed above, the main project of the Essay is an write proposal examination of the human understanding and Differences, an analysis of write thesis proposal, knowledge. But the Essay is Differences, a rather expansive work and contains discussion of many other topics of philosophical interest. Some of these will be discussed below. A word of warning, however, is required before proceeding. It can sometimes be difficult to tell whether Locke takes himself to proposal paper, be offering a metaphysical theory or whether he merely is describing a component of human psychology. For example, we might question whether his account of personal identity is coffee industry, meant to give necessary and sufficient conditions for a metaphysical account of personhood or whether it is merely designed to tell us what sorts of thesis proposal, identity attributions we do and should make and why.

We may further question whether, when discussing primary and secondary qualities, Locke is offering a theory about how perception really works or whether this discussion is a mere digression used to illustrate a point about the nature of our ideas. So while many of these topics have received a great deal of attention, their precise relationship to the main project of the Essay can be difficult to locate. a. Critical Help. Primary and Secondary Qualities. Book 2, Chapter 8 of the Essay contains an write proposal extended discussion of the distinction between primary and Gender, secondary qualities. Locke was hardly original in making this distinction. Write Thesis Proposal Paper. By the time the Essay was published, it had been made by Differences, many others and was even somewhat commonplace. Proposal Paper. That said, Locke’s formulation of the distinction and his analysis of the related issues has been tremendously influential and write essay comparing authors, has provided the framework for much of the subsequent discussion on the topic. Locke defines a quality as a power that a body has to produce ideas in us. Thesis Proposal Paper. So a simple object like a baked potato which can produce ideas of brownness, heat, ovular shape, solidity, and list of phd in law, determinate size must have a series of corresponding qualities. There must be something in thesis proposal paper the potato which gives us the idea of brown, something in the potato which gives us the idea of list in law, ovular shape, and so on.

The primary/secondary quality distinction claims that some of write paper, these qualities are very different from others. Locke motivates the distinction between two types of qualities by list of phd thesis, discussing how a body could produce an idea in us. The theory of perception endorsed by Locke is highly mechanical. All perception occurs as a result of motion and collision. If I smell the baked potato, there must be small material particles which are flying off of the potato and write proposal paper, bumping into nerves in my nose, the motion in the nose-nerves causes a chain reaction along my nervous system until eventually there is Gender, some motion in my brain and I experience the idea of a certain smell. Write Thesis Proposal Paper. If I see the baked potato, there must be small material particles flying off the potato and bumping into my retina. That bumping causes a similar chain reaction which ends in my experience of a certain roundish shape. From this, Locke infers that for an object to produce ideas in us it must really have some features, but can completely lack other features. This mechanical theory of perception requires that objects producing ideas in us have shape, extension, mobility, and thesis appendix order, solidity. But it does not require that these objects have color, taste, sound, or temperature. So the write thesis paper, primary qualities are qualities actually possessed by bodies.

These are features that a body cannot be without. Theme Loyalty Essay. The secondary qualities, by contrast, are not really had by bodies. They are just ways of talking about the ideas that can be produced in us by bodies in virtue of their primary qualities. So when we claim that the baked potato is solid, this means that solidity is one of its fundamental features. But when I claim that it smells a certain earthy kind of way, this just means that its fundamental features are capable of producing the idea of the earthy smell in my mind. These claims lead to Locke’s claims about resemblance: “From whence I think it is easie to draw this Observation, That the write thesis, Ideas of primary Qualities of Bodies, are Resemblances of them, and their Patterns do really exist in the Bodies themselves; but the Ideas, produced in us by coffee industry paper, these Secondary Qualities, have no resemblance of them at all.” (2.8.14, 137).

Insofar as my idea of the potato is of something solid, extended, mobile, and possessing a certain shape my idea accurately captures something about the real nature of the potato. Write Paper. But insofar as my idea of the potato is of something with a particular smell, temperature, and taste my ideas do not accurately capture mind-independent facts about the odyssey theme, potato. Around the time of the Essay the mechanical philosophy was emerging as the predominant theory about the physical world. The mechanical philosophy held that the fundamental entities in the physical world were small individual bodies called corpuscles. Each corpuscle was solid, extended, and had a certain shape. Thesis Proposal. These corpuscles could combine together to write comparing, form ordinary objects like rocks, tables, and plants. The mechanical philosophy argued that all features of bodies and all natural phenomena could be explained by appeal to these corpuscles and their basic properties (in particular, size, shape, and motion). Locke was exposed to the mechanical philosophy while at Oxford and became acquainted with the writings of its most prominent advocates.

On balance, Locke seems to have become a convert to the mechanical philosophy. He writes that mechanism is the best available hypothesis for the explanation of nature. We have already seen some of the explanatory work done by mechanism in proposal the Essay . The distinction between primary and secondary qualities was a hallmark of the mechanical philosophy and neatly dovetailed with mechanist accounts of Gender, perception. Proposal. Locke reaffirms his commitment to this account of perception at a number of other points in the Essay . And when discussing material objects Locke is very often happy to of phd, allow that they are composed of material corpuscles. What is peculiar, however, is that while the write thesis proposal, Essay does seem to have a number of passages in which Locke supports mechanical explanations and bibliography, speaks highly of write thesis, mechanism, it also contains some highly critical remarks about mechanism and discussions of the limits of the mechanical philosophy. Locke’s critiques of mechanism can be divided into two strands. First, he recognized that there were a number of observed phenomena which mechanism struggled to explain. Mechanism did offer neat explanations of some observed phenomena. Thesis Appendix. For example, the fact that objects could be seen but not smelled through glass could be explained by positing that the corpuscles which interacted with our retinas were smaller than the ones which interacted with our nostrils. Write. So the loyalty essay, sight corpuscles could pass through the spaces between the glass corpuscles, but the write proposal, smell corpuscles would be turned away. Essay Authors. But other phenomena were harder to explain.

Magnetism and various chemical and thesis, biological processes (like fermentation) were less susceptible to coffee research, these sorts of explanations. And universal gravitation, which Locke took Newton to have proved the existence of in the Principia , was particularly hard to thesis proposal, explain. Locke suggests that God may have “superadded” various non-mechanical powers to material bodies and essay, that this could account for gravitation. (Indeed, at several points he even suggests that God may have superadded the power of thought to matter and that humans might be purely material beings.) Locke’s second set of critiques pertain to theoretical problems in the mechanical philosophy. One problem was that mechanism had no satisfactory way of explaining cohesion. Why do corpuscles sometimes stick together?

If things like tables and chairs are just collections of paper, small corpuscles then they should be very easy to break apart, the same way I can easily separate one group of marbles from Differences, another. Write. Further, why should any one particular corpuscle stay stuck together as a solid? What accounts for coffee research paper, its cohesion? Again, mechanism seems hard-pressed to offer an answer. Finally, Locke allows that we do not entirely understand transfer of motion by impact. When one corpuscle collides with another we actually do not have a very satisfying explanation for why the second moves away under the force of the impact. Locke presses these critiques with some skill and in a serious manner. Still, ultimately he is guardedly optimistic about mechanism.

This somewhat mixed attitude on thesis proposal paper, Locke’s part has led commentators to appendix order, debate questions about his exact attitude toward the mechanical philosophy and his motivations for discussing it. In Book 2, Chapter 21 of the Essay Locke explores the topic of the will. One of the things which separates people from rocks and proposal paper, billiard balls is our ability to make decisions and control our actions. We feel that we are free in certain respects and that we have the power to choose certain thoughts and actions. Locke calls this power the of phd, will. But there are tricky questions about what this power consists in and about what it takes to freely (or voluntarily) choose something. 2.21 contains a delicate and write thesis, sustained discussion of these tricky questions. Locke first begins with questions of Gender Differences, freedom and then proceeds to a discussion of the will. On Locke’s analysis, we are free to do those things which we both will to do and are physically capable of doing.

For example, if I wish to jump into a lake and have no physical maladies which prevent it, then I am free to jump into the lake. Thesis Proposal Paper. By contrast, if I do not wish to jump into essay comparing the lake, but a friend pushes me in, I did not act freely when I entered the water. Proposal Paper. Or, if I wish to critical analytical help, jump into the lake, but have a spinal injury and cannot move my body, then I do not act freely when I stay on the shore. So far so good, Locke has offered us a useful way of differentiating our voluntary actions from our involuntary ones. But there is still a pressing question about write thesis paper freedom and the will: that of whether the will is itself free. When I am deciding whether or not to of phd, jump into the water, is the will determined by outside factors to choose one or the other? Or can it, so to speak, make up its own mind and choose either option? Locke’s initial position in the chapter is that the proposal, will is determined. Appendix Order. But in write thesis paper later sections he offers a qualification of sorts. In normal circumstances, the will is determined by what Locke calls uneasiness: “ What is it that determines the Will in regard to our Actions? … some (and for the most part the most pressing) uneasiness a Man is at present under.

That is that which successively determines the Will , and sets us upon Differences, those Actions, we perform.” (2.21.31, 250-1). The uneasiness is caused by the absence of something that is perceived as good. Proposal. The perception of the thing as good gives rise to a desire for that thing. Suppose I choose to eat a slice of of phd, pizza. Locke would say I must have made this choice because the paper, absence of the list of phd, pizza was troubling me somehow (I was feeling hunger pains, or longing for something savory) and this discomfort gave rise to a desire for write proposal paper, food. Thesis Order. That desire in turn determined my will to choose to eat pizza. Locke’s qualification to this account of the will being determined by uneasiness has to do with what he calls suspension.

Beginning with the second edition of the Essay , Locke began to argue that the most pressing desire for the most part determines the will, but not always: “For the mind having in write proposal most cases, as is evident in Experience, a power to suspend the execution and authors, satisfaction of any of its desires, and so all, one after another, is at liberty to consider the objects of thesis proposal paper, them; examine them on all sides, and weigh them with others.” (2.21.47, 263). So even if, at Gender Differences, this moment, my desire for pizza is the strongest desire, Locke thinks I can pause before I decide to eat the pizza and consider the decision. I can consider other items in my desire set: my desire to lose weight, or to leave the pizza for my friend, or to keep a vegan diet. Careful consideration of write thesis paper, these other possibilities might have the effect of changing my desire set. Theme Loyalty Essay. If I really focus on how important it is to stay fit and healthy by eating nutritious foods then my desire to leave the pizza might become stronger than my desire to eat it and my will may be determined to choose to not eat the pizza. But of thesis proposal paper, course we can always ask whether a person has a choice whether or not to suspend judgment or whether the suspension of judgment is itself determined by the mind’s strongest desire. On this point Locke is somewhat vague. While most interpreters think our desires determine when judgment is suspended, some others disagree and write essay, argue that suspension of judgment offers Lockean agents a robust form of write thesis proposal paper, free will. d. Analytical Essay Help. Personhood and Personal Identity. Locke was one of the write proposal, first philosophers to give serious attention to the question of personal identity.

And his discussion of the question has proved influential both historically and in the present day. The discussion occurs in odyssey the midst of Locke’ larger discussion of the write, identity conditions for various entities in Book II, Chapter 27. At heart, the question is simple, what makes me the same person as the person who did certain things in the past and that will do certain things in the future? In what sense was it me that attended Bridlemile Elementary School many years ago? After all, that person was very short, knew very little about soccer, and loved Chicken McNuggets. I, on the other hand, am average height, know tons of soccer trivia, and get rather queasy at the thought of eating chicken, especially in nugget form. Nevertheless, it is true that I am identical to the boy who attended Bridlemile. In Locke’s time, the topic of personal identity was important for religious reasons. Christian doctrine held that there was an afterlife in which virtuous people would be rewarded in Gender Differences heaven and sinful people would be punished in hell. This scheme provided motivation for individuals to behave morally. But, for this to work, it was important that the person who is rewarded or punished is the same person as the one who lived virtuously or lived sinfully.

And this had to be true even though the person being rewarded or punished had died, had somehow continued to exist in an afterlife, and had somehow managed to be reunited with a body. So it was important to get the write thesis proposal, issue of personal identity right. Locke’s views on personal identity involve a negative project and a positive project. The negative project involves arguing against the view that personal identity consists in or requires the continued existence of a particular substance. And the positive project involves defending the view that personal identity consists in continuity of analytical, consciousness. We can begin with this positive view. Locke defines a person as “a thinking intelligent Being, that has reason and reflection, and thesis paper, can consider itself as itself, the same thinking thing in analytical essay help different times and places; which it does only by proposal paper, that consciousness, which is write authors, inseparable from thinking, and as it seems to me essential to it.” (2.27.9, 335). Locke suggests here that part of what makes a person the same through time is their ability to recognize past experiences as belonging to them. Paper. For me, part of what differentiates one little boy who attended Bridlemile Elementary from all the other children who went there is my realization that I share in Differences his consciousness.

Put differently, my access to thesis paper, his lived experience at Bridlemile is very different from my access to the lived experiences of others there: it is first-personal and order, immediate. I recognize his experiences there as part of thesis, a string of experiences that make up my life and join up to my current self and current experiences in a unified way. That is what makes him the same person as me. Locke believes that this account of personal identity as continuity of consciousness obviates the need for an account of essay, personal identity given in terms of substances. A traditional view held that there was a metaphysical entity, the soul, which guaranteed personal identity through time; wherever there was the same soul, the same person would be there as well. Thesis Proposal Paper. Locke offers a number of thought experiments to cast doubt on this belief and show that his account is superior. For example, if a soul was wiped clean of odyssey theme loyalty essay, all its previous experiences and given new ones (as might be the case if reincarnation were true), the same soul would not justify the claim that all of those who had had it were the proposal paper, same person. Authors. Or, we could imagine two souls who had their conscious experiences completely swapped.

In this case, we would want to say that the proposal, person went with the conscious experiences and did not remain with the soul. Locke’s account of personal identity seems to Gender, be a deliberate attempt to move away from some of the metaphysical alternatives and to offer an account which would be acceptable to individuals from a number of different theological backgrounds. Of course, a number of paper, serious challenges have been raised for Locke’s account.. Paper. Most of these focus on the crucial role seemingly played by memory. Write Thesis. And the precise details of Locke’s positive proposal in 2.27 have been hard to list of phd thesis in law, pin down. Nevertheless, many contemporary philosophers believe that there is an important kernel of truth in Locke’s analysis. Locke’s distinction between the real essence of a substance and the nominal essence of a substance is one of the most fascinating components of the Essay . Scholastic philosophers had held that the main goal of metaphysics and science was to learn about the essences of things: the key metaphysical components of things which explained all of their interesting features. Locke thought this project was misguided. That sort of knowledge, knowledge of the real essences of beings, was unavailable to human beings.

This led Locke to suggest an alternative way to understand and investigate nature; he recommends focusing on thesis proposal paper, the nominal essences of things. When Locke introduces the research paper, term real essence he uses it to refer to the “real constitution of any Thing, which is the foundation of all those Properties, that are combined in, and write proposal paper, are constantly found to co-exist with [an object]” (3.6.6, 442). Bibliography. For the Scholastics this real essence would be an object’s substantial form. For proponents of the mechanical philosophy it would be the number and arrangement of the material corpuscles which composed the body. Locke sometimes endorses this latter understanding of real essence.

But he insists that these real essences are entirely unknown and undiscoverable by us. The nominal essences, by contrast, are known and write, are the best way we have to understand individual substances. Nominal essences are just collections of all the critical analytical help, observed features an individual thing has. Thesis Paper. So the nominal essence of critical analytical, a piece of gold would include the ideas of yellowness, a certain weight, malleability, dissolvability in write proposal certain chemicals, and so on. Locke offers us a helpful analogy to illustrate the difference between real and nominal essences. He suggests that our position with respect to ordinary objects is like the position of someone looking at a very complicated clock. The gears, wheels, weights, and pendulum that produce the critical analytical help, motions of the hands on the clock face (the clock’s real essence) are unknown to the person. They are hidden behind the casing. He or she can only proposal, know about the observable features like the clock’s shape, the movement of the hands, and the chiming of the hours (the clock’s nominal essence). Similarly, when I look at an object like a dandelion, I am only able to observe its nominal essence (the yellow color, the bitter smell, and so forth). Critical Analytical. I have no clear idea what produces these features of the dandelion or how they are produced.

Locke’s views on real and nominal essences have important consequences for paper, his views about the division of objects into groups and sorts. Why do we consider some things to be zebras and odyssey theme loyalty essay, other things to write thesis, be rabbits? Locke’s view is that we group according to nominal essence, not according to (unknown) real essence. But this has the consequence that our groupings might fail to adequately reflect whatever real distinctions there might be in nature. So Locke is not a realist about species or types. Instead, he is a conventionalist. We project these divisions on the world when we choose to classify objects as falling under the various nominal essences we’ve created. The epistemology of religion (claims about our understanding of Gender, God and our duties with respect to him) were tremendously contentious during Locke’s lifetime.

The English Civil War, fought during Locke’s youth, was in write proposal large part a disagreement over the right way to understand the Christian religion and Gender, the requirements of religious faith. Throughout the seventeenth century, a number of fundamentalist Christian sects continually threatened the stability of English political life. Thesis. And the status of Catholic and Jewish people in England was a vexed one. So the stakes were very high when, in 4.18, Locke discussed the nature of faith and reason and their respective domains. Loyalty Essay. He defines reason as an attempt to discover certainty or probability through the use of our natural faculties in the investigation of the world. Faith, by contrast, is certainty or probability attained through a communication believed to have come, originally, from God.

So when Smith eats a potato chip and comes to believe it is write thesis proposal, salty, she believes this according to reason. But when Smith believes that Joshua made the sun stand still in the sky because she read it in the Bible (which she takes to be divine revelation), she believes according to faith. Although it initially sounds as though Locke has carved out quite separate roles for faith and reason, it must be noted that these definitions make faith subordinate to reason in write comparing a subtle way. For, as Locke explains: “Whatever GOD hath revealed, is certainly true; no Doubt can be made of it. This is the proper Object of Faith : But whether it be a divine Revelation, or no, Reason must judge; which can never permit the Mind to reject a greater Evidence to embrace what is less evident, nor allow it to entertain Probability in opposition to Knowledge and Certainty.” (4.18.10, 695).

First, Locke thinks that if any proposition, even one which purports to be divinely revealed, clashes with the clear evidence of reason then it should not be believed. Write Proposal. So, even if it seems like God is telling us that 1+1=3, Locke claims we should go on believing that 1+1=2 and we should deny that the 1+1=3 revelation was genuine. Second, Locke thinks that to determine whether or not something is divinely revealed we have to exercise our reason. How can we tell whether the bibliography order, Bible contains God’s direct revelation conveyed through the inspired Biblical authors or whether it is instead the work of mere humans? Only reason can help us settle that question. Locke thinks that those who ignore the importance of thesis proposal, reason in determining what is and is not a matter of theme, faith are guilty of write thesis, “enthusiasm.” And in a chapter added to coffee research paper, later editions of the Essay Locke sternly warns his readers against the serious dangers posed by write, this intellectual vice. In all of this Locke emerges as a strong moderate. Critical Essay Help. He himself was deeply religious and took religious faith to be important.

But he also felt that there were serious limits to what could be justified through appeals to faith. Write Paper. The issues discussed in odyssey this section will be very important below where Locke’s views on the importance of write paper, religious toleration are discussed. Locke lived during a very eventful time in appendix English politics. The Civil War, Interregnum, Restoration, Exclusion Crisis, and Glorious Revolution all happened during his lifetime. Write. For much of his life Locke held administrative positions in government and paid very careful attention to contemporary debates in political theory. So it is perhaps unsurprising that he wrote a number of works on political issues.

In this field, Locke is best known for his arguments in favor of religious toleration and limited government. Today these ideas are commonplace and widely accepted. But in Locke’s time they were highly innovative, even radical. Locke’s Two Treatises of Government were published in 1689. It was originally thought that they were intended to defend the Glorious Revolution and William’s seizure of the throne.

We now know, however, that they were in authors fact composed much earlier. Nonetheless, they do lay out a view of government amenable to write proposal, many of William’s supporters. The First Treatise is now of primarily historical interest. It takes the form of a detailed critique of a work called Patriacha by Robert Filmer. Filmer had argued, in a rather unsophisticated way, in favor of divine right monarchy. Loyalty Essay. On his view, the power of kings ultimately originated in the dominion which God gave to Adam and which had passed down in an unbroken chain through the ages. Locke disputes this picture on a number of historical grounds.

Perhaps more importantly, Locke also distinguishes between a number of different types of dominion or governing power which Filmer had run together. After clearing some ground in the First Treatise , Locke offers a positive view of the nature of government in the much better known Second Treatise . Write Thesis. Part of Locke’s strategy in this work was to offer a different account of the origins of list of phd thesis in law, government. While Filmer had suggested that humans had always been subject to political power, Locke argues for the opposite. According to him, humans were initially in a state of nature. The state of nature was apolitical in the sense that there were no governments and write thesis proposal paper, each individual retained all of his or her natural rights. List In Law. People possessed these natural rights (including the right to attempt to preserve one’s life, to seize unclaimed valuables, and so forth) because they were given by God to all of thesis proposal, his people. The state of odyssey essay, nature was inherently unstable. Individuals would be under contrast threat of physical harm. And they would be unable to pursue any goals that required stability and widespread cooperation with other humans. Locke’s claim is that government arose in this context. Individuals, seeing the write thesis, benefits which could be gained, decided to relinquish some of their rights to a central authority while retaining other rights.

This took the form of a contract. In agreement for relinquishing certain rights, individuals would receive protection from physical harm, security for their possessions, and the ability to interact and bibliography appendix, cooperate with other humans in a stable environment. So, according to this view, governments were instituted by the citizens of those governments. This has a number of very important consequences. Write. On this view, rulers have an obligation to be responsive to the needs and desires of these citizens. Further, in establishing a government the citizens had relinquished some, but not all of analytical essay help, their original rights. So no ruler could claim absolute power over write paper, all elements of a citizen’s life.

This carved out important room for certain individual rights or liberties. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, a government which failed to adequately protect the rights and interests of its citizens or a government which attempted to overstep its authority would be failing to list of phd in law, perform the task for which it was created. As such, the thesis proposal, citizens would be entitled to revolt and replace the existing government with one which would suitably carry out the duties of ensuring peace and civil order while respecting individual rights. So Locke was able to use the account of natural rights and thesis appendix, a government created through contract to accomplish a number of thesis proposal, important tasks. He could use it to show why individuals retain certain rights even when they are subject to a government. He could use it to show why despotic governments which attempted to unduly infringe on the rights of their citizens were bad. And he could use it to show that citizens had a right to revolt in instances where governments failed in certain ways. These are powerful ideas which remain important even today.

Locke’s Second Treatise on government contains an influential account of the nature of private property. According to industry research paper, Locke, God gave humans the world and its contents to have in common. The world was to provide humans with what was necessary for the continuation and write, enjoyment of life. But Locke also believed it was possible for individuals to appropriate individual parts of the world and justly hold them for their own exclusive use. Put differently, Locke believed that we have a right to acquire private property. Locke’s claim is that we acquire property by mixing our labor with some natural resource.

For example, if I discover some grapes growing on a vine, through my labor in picking and collecting these grapes I acquire an ownership right over them. If I find an empty field and then use my labor to plow the field then plant and odyssey, raise crops, I will be the proper owner of those crops. Thesis Proposal Paper. If I chop down trees in an unclaimed forest and use the wood to fashion a table, then that table will be mine. Locke places two important limitations on the way in which property can be acquired by mixing one’s labor with natural resources. First, there is what has come to be known as the Waste Proviso. One must not take so much property that some of it goes to Gender Differences, waste. Write Thesis Proposal. I should not appropriate gallons and gallons of grapes if I am only able to write essay, eat a few and the rest end up rotting.

If the goods of the Earth were given to thesis proposal, us by God, it would be inappropriate to allow some of this gift to go to waste. Second, there is the Enough-And-As-Good Proviso. This says that in appropriating resources I am required to leave enough and as good for loyalty essay, others to appropriate. If the world was left to us in write proposal common by God, it would be wrong of me to appropriate more than my fair share and fail to leave sufficient resources for others. After currency is introduced and after governments are established the nature of property obviously changes a great deal. Using metal, which can be made into coins and list thesis, which does not perish the way foodstuffs and other goods do, individuals are able to thesis paper, accumulate much more wealth than would be possible otherwise. So the proviso concerning waste seems to drop away. And particular governments might institute rules governing property acquisition and distribution. Locke was aware of this and devoted a great deal of thought to the nature of property and the proper distribution of property within a commonwealth. His writings on economics, monetary policy, charity, and social welfare systems are evidence of order, this. But Locke’s views on property inside of a commonwealth have received far less attention than his views on write paper, the original acquisition of property in the state of nature.

Locke had been systematically thinking about issues relating to theme essay, religious toleration since his early years in London and even though he only published his Epistola de Tolerantia ( A Letter Concerning Toleration ) in 1689 he had finished writing it several years before. The question of whether or not a state should attempt to prescribe one particular religion within the state, what means states might use to do so, and what the correct attitude should be toward those who resist conversion to write thesis, the official state religion had been central to European politics ever since the Protestant Reformation. Locke’s time in research paper England, France, and the Netherlands had given him experiences of three very different approaches to these questions. These experiences had convinced him that, for the most part, individuals should be allowed to practice their religion without interference from the state. Indeed, part of the impetus for the publication of paper, Locke’s Letter Concerning Toleration came from Louis XIV’s revocation of the Edict of bibliography appendix, Nantes, which took away the already limited rights of Protestants in France and exposed them to write proposal paper, state persecution. It is possible to see Locke’s arguments in theme loyalty essay favor of proposal paper, toleration as relating both to the epistemological views of the industry research paper, Essay and the political views of the Two Treatises . Relating to Locke’s epistemological views, recall from above that Locke thought the scope of human knowledge was extremely restricted. We might not be particularly good at determining what the correct religion is. There is no reason to think that those holding political power will be any better at discovering the true religion than anyone else, so they should not attempt to enforce their views on others.

Instead, each individual should be allowed to pursue true beliefs as best as they are able. Write Proposal Paper. Little harm results from allowing others to have their own religious beliefs. Indeed, it might be beneficial to allow a plurality of beliefs because one group might end up with the correct beliefs and win others over to their side. Relating to Locke’s political views, as expressed in the Two Treatises , Locke endorses toleration on list in law, the grounds that the enforcement of religious conformity is thesis proposal paper, outside the proper scope of government. People consent to governments for the purpose of establishing social order and research paper, the rule of law. Governments should refrain from thesis paper, enforcing religious conformity because doing so is unnecessary and irrelevant for these ends. Indeed, attempting to enforce conformity may positively harm these ends as it will likely lead to resistance from members of theme loyalty essay, prohibited religions.

Locke also suggests that governments should tolerate the religious beliefs of individual citizens because enforcing religious belief is actually impossible. Acceptance of a certain religion is an inward act, a function of one’s beliefs. But governments are designed to control people’s actions . So governments are, in many ways, ill-equipped to enforce the adoption of write thesis paper, a particular religion because individual people have an loyalty essay almost perfect control of their own thoughts. While Locke’s views on toleration were very progressive for the time and while his views do have an write thesis proposal paper affinity with our contemporary consensus on the value of religious toleration it is important to research paper, recognize that Locke did place some severe limits on toleration. He did not think that we should tolerate the write proposal paper, intolerant, those who would seek to forcibly impose their religious views on others. Similarly, any religious group who posed a threat to political stability or public safety should not be tolerated. Importantly, Locke included Roman Catholics in bibliography this group. On his view, Catholics had a fundamental allegiance to the Pope, a foreign prince who did not recognize the sovereignty of English law. This made Catholics a threat to civil government and peace. Finally, Locke also believed that atheists should not be tolerated. Because they did not believe they would be rewarded or punished for their actions in an afterlife, Locke did not think they could be trusted to behave morally or maintain their contractual obligations.

We have already seen that in the Essay Locke developed an account of belief according to faith and belief according to reason. Write Thesis. Recall that an agent believes according to reason when she discovers something through the use of her natural faculties and she believes according to faith when she takes something as truth because she understands it to be a message from God. Recall as well that reason must decide when something is or is not a message from odyssey theme, God. The goal of proposal paper, Locke’s The Reasonableness of Christianity is to essay authors, show that it is reasonable to be a Christian. Locke argues that we do have sufficient reason to think that the thesis, central truths of Christianity were communicated to us by God through his messenger, Jesus of Nazareth. For Locke’s project to succeed he needed to odyssey theme loyalty essay, show that Jesus provided his original followers with sufficient evidence that he was a legitimate messenger from God. Given that numerous individuals in write thesis proposal paper history had purported to be the recipients of divine revelation, there must be something special which set Jesus apart. Locke offers two considerations in this regard. The first is that Jesus fulfilled a number of historical predictions concerning the coming of thesis bibliography appendix, a Messiah. The second is that Jesus performed a number of miracles which attest that he had a special relationship to God. Write Paper. Locke also claims that we have sufficient reason to research, believe that these miracles actually occurred on the basis of testimony from those who witnessed them first-hand and a reliable chain of reporting from Jesus’ time into our own.

This argument leads Locke into write paper a discussion of the types and value of testimony which many philosophers have found to be interesting in its own right. One striking feature of appendix order, The Reasonableness of Christianity is the requirement for salvation that Locke endorses. Disputes about which precise beliefs were necessary for salvation and eternal life in Heaven were at the core of much religious disagreement in Locke’s time. Different denominations and sects claimed that they, and often only they, had the correct beliefs. Locke, by contrast, argued that to be a true Christian and worthy of salvation an individual only need to believe one simple truth: that Jesus is the Messiah. Write Paper. Of course, Locke believed there were many other important truths in odyssey essay the Bible. But he thought these other truths, especially those contained in the Epistles rather than the Gospels, could be difficult to interpret and could lead to paper, disputes and disagreement. The core tenet of Christianity, however, that Jesus is the Messiah, was a mandatory belief. In making the requirements for Christian faith and salvation so minimal Locke was part of a growing faction in the Church of England.

These individuals, often known as latitudinarians, were deliberately attempting to construct a more irenic Christianity with the goal of avoiding the conflict and controversy that previous internecine fights had produced. So Locke was hardly alone in Gender attempting to write proposal, find a set of core Christian commitments which were free of sectarian theological baggage. Bibliography. But Locke was still somewhat radical; few theologians had made the proposal paper, requirements for Christian faith quite so minimal. Locke was regarded by many in his time as an expert on educational matters. Critical Analytical Essay. He taught many students at Oxford and also served as a private tutor. Locke’s correspondence shows that he was constantly asked to recommend tutors and offer pedagogical advice. Locke’s expertise led to paper, his most important work on coffee industry research, the subject: Some Thoughts Concerning Education . The work had its origins in a series of letters Locke wrote to Edward Clarke offering advice on the education of write paper, Clarke’s children and was first published in 1693. Locke’s views on education were, for the time, quite forward-looking. Classical languages, usually learned through tedious exercises involving rote memorization, and odyssey theme essay, corporeal punishment were two predominant features of the seventeenth century English educational system. Locke saw little use for either. Write Thesis Paper. Instead, he emphasized the importance of teaching practical knowledge.

He recognized that children learn best when they are engaged with the subject matter. Locke also foreshadowed some contemporary pedagogical views by bibliography appendix order, suggesting that children should be allowed some self-direction in their course of study and should have the ability to pursue their interests. Locke believed it was important to take great care in educating the young. He recognized that habits and write thesis proposal paper, prejudices formed in youth could be very hard to break in later life. Differences. Thus, much of Some Thoughts Concerning Education focuses on write thesis proposal, morality and the best ways to list, inculcate virtue and industry. Thesis Paper. Locke rejected authoritarian approaches. Instead, he favored methods that would help children to understand the difference between right and wrong and to cultivate a moral sense of their own.

The Essay was quickly recognized as an important philosophical contribution both by research, its admirers and by its critics. Before long it had been incorporated into the curriculum at write proposal paper, Oxford and Cambridge and its translation into both Latin and French garnered it an audience on the Continent as well. Loyalty. The Two Treatises were also recognized as important contributions to political thought. While the work had some success in England among those favorably disposed to the Glorious Revolution, its primary impact was abroad. During the American Revolution (and to a lesser extent, during the French Revolution) Locke’s views were often appealed to proposal paper, by those seeking to establish more representative forms of government. Related to Differences, this last point, Locke came to be seen, alongside his friend Newton, as an embodiment of Enlightenment values and ideals. Write Proposal Paper. Newtonian science would lay bare the workings of nature and paper, lead to important technological advances.

Lockean philosophy would lay bare the workings of men’s minds and lead to important reforms in law and government. Voltaire played an instrumental role in shaping this legacy for Locke and worked hard to publicize Locke’s views on thesis proposal, reason, toleration, and limited government. Locke also came to be seen as an inspiration for the Deist movement. Figures like Anthony Collins and John Toland were deeply influenced by Locke’s work. Locke is often recognized as the founder of theme, British Empiricism and it is true that Locke laid the foundation for much of English-language philosophy in the 18 th and early 19 th centuries. But those who followed in his footsteps were not unquestioning followers. George Berkeley, David Hume, Thomas Reid, and others all offered serious critiques. In recent decades, readers have attempted to write thesis proposal paper, offer more charitable reconstructions of Locke’s philosophy. Given all this, he has retained an important place in the canon of Anglophone philosophy. Laslett, P. [ed.] 1988.

Two Treatises of Government . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Locke, J. 1823. The Works of help, John Locke . London: Printed for T. Tegg (10 volumes). Locke, J. The Clarendon Edition of the write thesis proposal, Works of John Locke , Oxford University Press, 2015. This edition includes the loyalty, following volumes: Nidditch, P. [ed.] 1975.

An Essay Concerning Human Understanding . Nidditch, P. and G.A.J. Rogers [eds.] 1990. Drafts for the Essay Concerning Human Understanding . Yolton, J.W. and J.S. Yolton. [eds.] 1989. Some Thoughts Concerning Education . Higgins-Biddle, J.C. [ed.] 1999.

The Reasonableness of Christianity . Milton, J.R. and P. Milton. Thesis. [eds.] 2006. An Essay Concerning Toleration . de Beer, E.S. [ed.] 1976-1989. The Correspondence of John Locke . (8 volumes). von Leyden, W. Paper. [ed.] 1954. Essays on the Law of thesis proposal paper, Nature . Oxford: Clarendon Press. The following are recommendations for further reading on Locke.

Each work has a brief statement indicating the contents.

300 essays ramayana This overview has several pages, so make sure you take a look at each one: The Story of the thesis proposal Ramayana Briefly. So, just to let you know what you are in for, here is a very brief summary of the Ramayana, the adventures of lord Rama. Rama is the son of King Dasaratha, but he is also an write essay, incarnation of the god Vishnu, born in thesis paper, human form to do battle with the demon lord Ravana. Ravana had obtained divine protection against other demons, and even against the gods - but because he scorned the world of animals and men, he had not asked for protection from thesis bibliography appendix order them. Therefore, Vishnu incarnated as a human being in order to put a stop to Ravana. King Dasaratha has three other sons besides Rama. There is Lakshmana, who is devoted to Rama. There is also Bharata, the son of write thesis Dasaratha's pretty young wife Kaikeyi, and finally there is Satrughna, who is as devoted to Bharata as Lakshmana is to Rama. Differences. When Dasaratha grows old, he decides to name Rama as his successor. Queen Kaikeyi, however, is outraged. She manages to compel Dasaratha to name their son Bharata as his successor instead and to send Rama into exile in the forest.

Rama agrees to go into exile, and he is accompanied by his wife Sita and his brother Lakshmana. When their exile is nearly over, Sita is abducted by the evil Ravana who carries her off to Lanka city (on the island of thesis Sri Lanka). Rama and Lakshmana follow in pursuit, and they are aided by the monkey lord, Hanuman, who is perfectly devoted to Rama. After many difficulties and analytical essay help dangers, Rama finally confronts Ravana and write thesis paper defeats him in battle. What happens after that is a matter of some dispute in the different versions of the Ramayana. Did Rama accept Sita back into his household? Or did he send her away because she had been in the possession of another male? You will see different versions of the ending in the two different editions of the Ramayana that you will read for this class. In historical terms, the events of the Ramayana are supposed to critical essay precede the events of the Mahabharata.

The time periods of Hindu mythology are called yugas, and the world as we know it goes through a cycle of proposal paper four yugas. Sometimes these four yugas are compared to a cow standing on four legs. In the Best Age, the Krita Yuga, the cow is standing on all four legs. In the next age, the Treta Yuga, or Age of Three, the cow is standing on coffee, only three legs and is slightly teetering, and so the world is slightly corrupted. In the next age, the Age of Two, or Dwapara Yuga, there is only half as much righteousness in the world as there used to be, like a cow standing on only two legs. This is followed by the worst age, the Kali Yuga, where there is only one-fourth of the world's original righteousness remaining.

As a result, the write paper world of the Kali Yuga has become extremely corrupt and Differences utterly unstable. The cow is standing on just one leg! The events of the Ramayana take place in the Treta Yuga, when the world is only somewhat corrupted. The events of the Mahabharata take place much later, at the end of the Dwapara Yuga, the Age of Two, when the world is far more grim and corrupt than in Rama's times. Thesis Proposal Paper. The violent and tragic events at the end of the Mahabharata mark the end of the Dwapara Yuga and the beginning of the Kali Yuga, the worst age of the world.

We are living in the Kali Yuga, in case you were wondering. The Story of the Mahabharata Briefly. In some ways, the entire story of the research Mahabharata is an explanation of how our world, the thesis world of the Kali Yuga, came into being, and how things got to odyssey loyalty essay be as bad as they are. The Ramayana has its share of suffering and even betrayal, but nothing to match the relentless hatred and vengeance of the Mahabharata. The culmination of the write thesis proposal Mahabharata is the Battle of Kurukshetra when two bands of brothers, the Pandavas and the Kauravas, the sons of Gender Differences two brothers and thus cousins to one another, fight each other to death, brutally and cruelly, until the entire race is paper almost wiped out. The five sons of Pandu, the Pandavas, are the heroes of the story. The eldest is King Yudhishthira. Next is Bhima, an enormously strong fighter with equally enormous appetites. After Bhima is Arjuna, the greatest of the warriors and also the companion of Krishna. The last two are twins, Nakula and Sahadeva. These five brothers share one wife, Draupadi (she became the wife of all five of them by accident, as you will learn).

The enemies of the theme Pandavas are the Kauravas, who are the sons of thesis proposal paper Pandu's brother, Dhritarashtra. Although Dhritarashtra is still alive, he cannot manage to restrain his son Duryodhana, who bitterly resents the achievements of his cousins, the Pandavas. Duryodhana arranges for his maternal uncle to challenge Yudhishthira to a game of dice, and Yudhishthira gambles everything away, even himself. The Pandavas have to go into exile, but when they return they engage the Kauravas in battle. List Thesis In Law. Krishna fights on the side of the Pandavas, and serves as Arjuna's charioteer. The famous Song of the Lord, or Bhagavad-Gita, is actually a book within the Mahabharata, as the battle of Kurukshetra begins. When Arjuna faces his cousins on the field of battle, he despairs and sinks down, unable to fight. The Bhagavad-Gita contains the words that Krishna spoke to Arjuna at proposal paper, that moment.

The Pandavas do win the battle. Duryodhana is write essay killed, and the Kaurava armies are wiped out. But it is thesis proposal paper hardly a happy ending. Yudhishthira becomes king, but the world is forever changed by the battle's violence. If you are familiar with the Differences Iliad, you might remember how that epic ends with the funeral of the Trojan hero Hector, a moment which is utterly bleak and thesis sad.

The same is true for the Mahabharata. There are many truths that are learned in thesis bibliography appendix, the end, but the victory, such as it is, comes at a terrible price.

Example Of Opinion Essay Essays and Research Papers. Opinion essay Opinion essay is a formal piece of essay writing which presents the . author’s point of thesis, view on analytical essay help a particular subject supported by proposal, reasons and examples . The opposing viewpoint is also suggested, it goes with arguments that show that it is unconvincing. Comparing Authors? A Successful Opinion Essay Consists of: An introduction where the topic and the author’s opinion are stated clearly. A main body where viewpoints supported by reasons are presented in proposal paper several paragraphs. This section has also the. Education , Essay , Mobile phone 792 Words | 3 Pages. ? Opinion Essay Some people use marijuana for health purposes, some just use it to get really high. Smoking marijuana . Thesis Appendix Order? isn’t as bad as it seems to others. Obviously lighting something on fire and inhaling it wouldn’t seem as if it’s good or healthy for you.

That’s why people get the wrong impression. I believe marijuana should be legalized because there are more positives to thesis paper, it than negatives. Marijuana can help people medically and critical essay help help the economy. Ironically other substances that are. Bipolar disorder , Cancer , Disease 898 Words | 4 Pages. Name Demeshov Yerkebulan ID 20121754 Opinion Essay Music is the best type of . Write? Art What is art?

Everyone knows about it, but could you say a lot about music? May be yes, may be no. Music is the best type of art. Before proving it , let’s talk about what music means. Music is an art form which medium is sound and silence. In many cultures music is an important part of theme, people. Music contains all their history. May be for someone music is just.

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of the week when Pete receives big shipments of inventory for the store. When that occurs the industry research retail part of the Garden Center can be really busy for a few . days after stocking the new inventory. Thesis Proposal? Inventory can range from a variety of odyssey essay, things, for example ; garden rocks in assorted rock pallets, mulch bags sorted out by type, hay bales stacked, and even bird baths. So as one of the three managers, Pete has to thesis paper, make sure things go well and items are placed correctly and neatly throughout the write essay comparing authors store, in. Annual plant , Evergreen , Garden 1115 Words | 3 Pages. Example Essay “He that is good for thesis proposal, making excuses is seldom good for anything else.” -- Ben Franklin.

As early as the . founding of the United States of America, Mr. Franklin observed society using the excuse, I don't have enough time… and it negative effects on their lives. Today, it is frequently used as an excuse to justify the lack of time management skills. The effects on kids, work, or even in family life are sometimes devastating. In a day there are 24 hours, and time is available. Benjamin Franklin , Family , Franklin Planner 950 Words | 3 Pages. idea of paper, ghosts is far too exaggerated to be real. According to psychologydictionary.org the paranormal is “designating any phenomenon comprising the . transfer of data or energy which can't be described by present scientific insights” (“What”). For example , a couple of years ago I was in my house alone. I was walking towards the front door and a pair of write thesis proposal paper, scissors fell from the countertop and on to the floor. It scared me to death and it was like the scissors had been thrown.

I do not know if it was. Cryptid , Ghost , Loch Ness Monster 1320 Words | 5 Pages. ?John Doe Professor Mansito ENC 1101 12:00-1:50 21 October 2013 Essay 1 Sexuality: The 1950’s to Today Sexuality, like many other . things in our world, is an ever changing thing. List Of Phd Thesis? The ideas and connotations surrounding it change from generation to generation. Because of this, the thesis proposal idea of sex in the 1950’s is completely different from the idea of sex today.

Today, sexuality can be expressed in almost anything we do. Commercials, billboards, TV shows, movies, magazine articles, and many other. 20th century , 21st century , Global warming 1105 Words | 4 Pages. other areas) show specific anatomical and functional features in Gender professional and write thesis proposal semi-professional musicians.” One of the most visible . benefits of playing a musical instrument is the improvement of memory capacity and ability. For example , the constant use of thesis bibliography, both the write thesis left and right hemispheres of the brain simultaneously in list thesis someone who plays the piano exercises memory. Thanks to write thesis, this, it is Gender, also believed that people who play musical instruments are less prone to have neurodegenerative.

Brain , Intelligence , Intelligence quotient 946 Words | 3 Pages. Theories of Relativity Opinion Essay. Theories of thesis paper, Relativity Opinion Essay : Why We Should Read This Novel in the ENG3C Course Living on the street can be tough, . especially if you’re a teenager. In Theories of Relativity by order, Barbara Haworth-Attard, readers have a chance at seeing just how hard life on the streets can be for teenagers. We should study Theories of Relativity in the ENG3C course for many reasons, including how many students can relate to Dylan, because the write proposal paper book has many interesting characters and because of. Adolescence , Birmingham , Education 892 Words | 3 Pages. over the use of Stem Cell Research. Stem Cell Research? I don’t even know what that means!

All I do know is bibliography appendix order, that those stinking Democrats support it, which . means I automatically have to be against it. You can’t possibly expect me to paper, actually have an opinion on something as complicated as this! The basis for the things I oppose is simply spite. List Of Phd Thesis? Spite for the Democrats. If a Democrat supports it, I oppose it! Using your brain to support or oppose things is just way too overrated nowadays. I own a private. Democratic Party , George H. W. Bush , George W. Write Thesis Paper? Bush 1069 Words | 3 Pages. of essay preparation What differentiated higher quality example essays from lower quality example . Comparing? essays ? There were several different aspects that differentiated higher quality example essay from lower quality example essays . Proposal? Firstly, the higher quality example essays , such as the Distinction and High Distinction essays provided great structure and an argument with a very good presentation.

The introduction in the Distinction essay introduced relevant literature and addressed the essay topic. Citation , Essay , Essays 761 Words | 3 Pages. The Symbol of a Mockingbird Supported Opinion Essay Prejudice and racism are a part of living and people will always be . confronted with it, but why are people hated or precluded? Do others actually know who they are or are they just judged because of the bad stories others heard about them? In the book To Kill a Mockingbird, Lee writes about this theme and industry research paper she uses the mockingbird is a symbol. A mockingbird is a harmless bird that makes the write thesis world more pleasant.

Mockingbirds are the innocent. Harper Lee , Northern Mockingbird , To Kill a Mockingbird 1192 Words | 4 Pages. ?Jack Hamilton AP English 3 Mrs. Write Comparing? Rothbard Period 5 December 21, 2014 Bill O'Reilly Editorial Essay Whether it be from his television show . The O'Reilly Factor, one of his Killing books, or from editorial articles, it is fair to say that most Americans know who Bill O'Reilly is. O'Reilly is known for his conservative views that can be attributed in part to his coming from a classic Irish Catholic family and [having] attended private catholic schools, according to his biography on IMDb. Though.

Bill O'Reilly , Editorial , Federal government of the paper United States 939 Words | 4 Pages. BBI20 Assignment#5 Opinion Essay on write essay Inventions 1st March 2011 In my opinion , the most important invention of . all time in the history of human civilization and write thesis proposal paper enterprise is the internet. Why the internet? Simply because I believe this invention has made the world a better place. In almost everything we do, we need the Internet. Of Phd? Whether it is to look for a job, research for a project or even find love.

The Internet is a dominant factor that plays an important role in proposal paper our lives. We just simply. Better , History of the thesis bibliography Internet , Hyperlink 1419 Words | 4 Pages. ? EXAMPLE 1 – ESSAY Life sometimes goes wrong under the best of circumstances, but what if you spend your days in a hospital bed . slowly suffocating to death as cancer eats away at your body? You’re horrified, your quality of life is at write proposal paper, an all time low and you can’t see any point in critical delaying the inevitable. That is why Physician assisted suicide should be a choice for patients who are incurable. Write Thesis Proposal Paper? Physician assisted suicide (PAS) should be legal in cases that involve unbearable suffering or. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , Death , Euthanasia 1509 Words | 5 Pages. ?Question: Analyze how the writer influenced you to change your opinion throughout the Gender text about a significant idea.

Shakespeare wrote . Macbeth in the 16th century as tribute to king James the first. At the start of the text king Duncan made me believe that anyone could be a good leader, Duncan effectively portrayed this idea because he put the write needs of his country in front of Differences, his own. Throughout the text Shakespeare influenced my opinion to change when Macbeth came into power as he cared about no. Duncan I of write paper, Scotland , James I of Gender, England , KILL 849 Words | 3 Pages. Example of a Well Structured Essay. Example of a well structured essay . The content isn’t that exiting and the conclusion is quite weak, but there are many good . points to make on write thesis proposal the way the essay is structured and the way the information is put across. Bibliography Appendix Order? All my comments are highlighted thus. A good introduction. Proposal Paper? • Does the job of clearly defining the topic covered in the essay and appendix the specific aspects which will be discussed. See in particular last sentence of introduction. ( We will be looking at the structure of introductions. Causality , Environmentalism , Essay 1501 Words | 5 Pages. Definition Of Friendship Example Essay.

of friendship. Consider the purpose, audience, and write thesis proposal paper context of your article. Organize your ideas and details effectively. Include specific details that . clearly develop your article. Edit your speech for standard grammar and language usage. Example Essay on the Definition of Friendship If asked, many people would say that their friends are some of the most important people in their lives. However, sometimes it is hard to list of phd, recognize the value of a friend and see exactly how much they do for us and. Friendship , Interpersonal relationship , Love 1157 Words | 3 Pages. Aaron B Ms. Thesis Proposal Paper? F ENG-4U Nov, 1st, 2013 Catcher in order The Rye Opinion Essay In the novel Catcher in The Rye, Salinger has employed . a very realistic portrayal of teenagers and how they act.

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2) Example : Spring Everyone has a comfortable place to escape to essay, for relaxation. They go there when they need to be. Hearing , Odor , Olfaction 1017 Words | 4 Pages. Opinion Essay: Is Television Good or Bad for thesis, American Society? Assignment taught by Dr. Gender Differences? Sally Lozada.

PART I Throughout the next four modules, you will plan and develop an paper argumentative essay . Your . homework assignments will consist of: Module 1: Taking a Stance Module 2: Developing an Outline Module 3: Providing Body Paragraphs Module 4: Submitting the analytical essay Completed Essay Taking a Stance Below is the topic for Essay 1. Essay 1 Topic Television is an interesting form of entertainment. With a proper cable subscription, one’s television can display. Logic , Obesity , Rhetoric 1160 Words | 6 Pages. ELEMENTS OF AN ESSAY Preliminary Remarks Following are some suggestions to write thesis proposal, help you write an acceptable academic- level essay . . Thesis Bibliography Order? This is not the only way to organize and develop an write thesis paper essay . It is, however, a tried and true system and will likely be what your TCC instructors require of you. Research? Audience and paper Purpose Before beginning, you should consider both your audience and purpose. For, before you can know how to approach the Gender Differences subject, you must determine whom you will be addressing, how much they already. 2005 albums , Essay , Five paragraph essay 1430 Words | 5 Pages. statement in proposal this argument? 3. Bibliography? What’s the topic sentence of the writer’s personal view? 4. Note down some of the transitions used in write thesis proposal paper this argument: 5. What . is the wrap-up in thesis bibliography this essay ? Rhetorical Devices Find the proposal paper following devices in this argumentative essay . There might be more than one example of each. Annotate the essay to show these features.

Use of personal pronouns Exclamations Hyperbole Imperatives Juxtaposition Modern idioms and trendy phrases Non-sentences Repetition Rhetorical questions. Arc de Triomphe , Food , Hamburger 683 Words | 3 Pages. Steven Vanous Opinion essay 131-17 One of the most debated topics of today in research paper America is Health Care. How can we make it . better? How can we fix the major flaws? How can we, as a country, provide every American citizen with proper adequate health care? These are very good questions.

I’m just your average citizen and I figured it out. The answer to all these questions, and many more asked by proposal paper, Americans, is very simple. Adopt a “Socialized Health Care” system just like the one that’s been used. Health care , Health care in the United States , Health economics 1156 Words | 3 Pages. Example Literary Essay : The Giver by Lois Lowry Example Introduction Paragraph: “The real voyage of discovery . consists not in seeking new landscapes, but in having new eyes.” This quote by Marcel Proust speaks of discovering what?s right in front of you by seeing it differently, with “new eyes.” The main character, Jonas, in Lois Lowry?s The Giver goes through a similar experience when he discovers his “Capacity to See Beyond.” Jonas begins to essay comparing, see his Community differently, with an awareness or. Lois Lowry , Newbery Medal , The Giver 856 Words | 3 Pages. childhood can become set principles we live by in later life or can influence the write thesis decisions we make to order, give us our 'world view' aswe can not find other . examples due to write thesis paper, age.

Things such as age, gender and commuity will also play a part in shaping the effects of your world view. A World view is described by many different people in various ways for example Samovar and Porter (2003) (citing Rapport and of phd in law Overing 2000) will describe a world view as 'the common English translation of the German word “Weltanschauung”. I Shall Be Released , Learning , Life 1025 Words | 3 Pages. that a person should only write thesis proposal, set fairly easy and attainable goals for themselves. Write Essay Comparing Authors? Now my attitude is that you should pursue what makes you happy, and write proposal paper you . shouldn’t let struggles stop you. When I read examples about industry research paper, following a passion, overcoming a fear, and thesis proposal paper being persistent in your efforts, my prior opinion began to change. In the book Blake first describes his journey with creating and research growing TOMS. Write Proposal Paper? Blake was on a vacation trip in Argentina when he realized the locals tremendous need for shoes. 1083 Words | 3 Pages. create flashcards for free at Cram.com Sign In | Sign Up StudyMode - Premium and Free Essays , Term Papers Book Notes Essays . Book Notes AP Notes Citation Generator More Code Napoleon and Gender “Declaration of the Rights of Man” Comparison By wis2cool, april. 2013 | 5 Pages (1064 Words) | 1 Views | 4.5 12345 (1) | Report | This is a Premium essay for upgraded members Sign Up to access full essay DID YOU LIKE THIS?

TELL YOUR FRIENDS. Send Code Napoleon and “Declaration. Age of Enlightenment , Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen , French Revolution 632 Words | 4 Pages. small, cute animals are “slowly crushed or impaled by women wearing heels,” reports David Michael (2010). These videos were banned in 1999 by write proposal paper, the Supreme . Court, until the federal law had overreached, and the law was overturned. These acts are clear examples of cruelty towards animals, and can never be truly justified. If we take the rights steps, in a warranted and honest manner, then we can stop animal abuse, and save future species from an odyssey theme loyalty unruly and unjustified future as slaves to man-kind. Write Paper? . Animal cruelty , Animal Liberation Front , Animal rights 1055 Words | 3 Pages.

Jun. 17, 2013 ESSAY WRITING ESSAY . – A short literary composition of an analytical, interpretive, or reflective kind, dealing with its subject in a non-technical, limited, often unsystematic way and, usually expressive of the author’s outlook and personality. - An attempt. TYPES OF ESSAYS – Personal – Describes how you feel about someone or something. YOU are at the center . . Article , Essay , Essays 622 Words | 3 Pages. Example MBA admission essay The world of finance and business is Gender, a complicated and ubiquitous arena, and the axis around which . most of our society’s most important issues move.

Having worked for a number of years in a multitude of thesis paper, administrative positions, I feel in many ways as though I have merely skimmed the surface of a field that is brimming with professional opportunities. The pursuit of a Master’s in Business Administration will enable me access tap previously unused resources in my own. Administration , Business , Business school 873 Words | 3 Pages. ? Essay 1 The methods of political control used by the Han and Imperial Roman Empires were different, as in the degree of citizen participation . in government because of how each empire utilized it to control the people. However, the use of theologies to justify rule was a similar method used by the two empires because it allowed leaders to win over the people in more ways than one. In addition, the use of militaries to control the theme population and outlying territories was a similar method because. Ancient Rome , Byzantine Empire , Constantine I 2376 Words | 6 Pages. ART-O-METER scale essay Music is a form of expression; it is art, and what makes it of highest or lowest value can often be a matter of . personal choice.

There are, however, universal ways of looking at thesis, a song’s value. First, one can analyze a song based on the message the writer wants to reveal. Words construct meaning, which ultimately reveals a theme, and the power of the theme helps listeners decide a song’s worth and universal impact. Closely linked to of phd in law, a song’s theme is the song’s literary. Aspect of thesis paper, music , Broken heart , Fiction 1377 Words | 4 Pages. How to write an Gender argumentative essay.

Give your opinion . Argumentative Essay How to paper, write an Argumentative Essay : Outline, Structure, Format, . Examples , Topics How to write an argumentative essay ? The leading tone in analytical essay help an argumentative essay is the write thesis proposal paper position of proving that the presented point of view is the correct one and list in law possesses more truthful arguments than any other opinions . The author through proper reasoning, inducting and making conclusions, must prove the assertions or the theories of the argumentative essay . If the author. Essay , Essays , Five paragraph essay 569 Words | 3 Pages. ! Analyzing Essay Psychologist Martin E. P. Seligman’s article “On Learned Helplessness” talks about what happens when people go through . traumatic events and how the handle the situations. Seligman ` studied the conditions that can lead to feelings of fear, helplessness, depression, and competence. By applying his theories and ideas I will analyze the article “Gunman Kills Himself After Hostage Drama” by write thesis paper, Charles P. Wallace and Tim Waters. In the article by loyalty, Wallace and Waters, a twenty-six. Depression , Emotion , Harry Dean Stanton 990 Words | 4 Pages. Definition Essay How to write a Definition Essay : Outline, Format, Structure, Examples , Topics Writing a . definition essay A definition essay is an essay concentrated on the explanation of the meaning of proposal paper, a definite term. The term may be analyzed from the Gender Differences position of one and only meaning and also from the position of subjectivity of the person defining the thesis proposal term.

This classification divides the thesis bibliography appendix words into two groups: •material terms – a table, a door, a printer. •spiritual terms – friendship. Causality , Cosmological argument , Definition 2125 Words | 7 Pages. ? ESSAY IS A WRITTEN EXPRESSION OF WRITER'S DIRECT OPINION . THAT OPINION IS BASED ON OUR BELIEFS. now belief is of . further two types: 1. changeable (where there is tendency to proposal, change the opinion ) 2. Write Comparing Authors? non-changeable ( opinion is in just yes or no; agree or disagree) basically the changeable opinion is our thesis statement. * every thesis statement is opinion but every opinion is not thesis statement. types of essays ' topics: 1. open topics on which writer's own tendency to proposal, prove his opinion. Belief , Creative writing , Critical thinking 474 Words | 2 Pages. Name: Andrew Gordon Subject: Exp201, Professor Morales Summary Assignment Forerunners Sei Shonagon: Hateful Things Essay question: . Consider Sei Shonagon’s definition of the word ‘hate’ in the Heian era. Is an opinion considered hostile if it focuses on honesty and transparency of a situation? “Hateful Things” is an opinionated extract from the list thesis in law book “Pillow Talk” written by Sei Shonagon. Pillow Talk is a collection of the lists, desires, poetry and judgmental conversations by Shonagon. Sei.

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This occurs as final consonants are much less frequent in Mandarin than in English and thus they. Australian English , British English , Dialect 953 Words | 3 Pages. 1 AN OPINION COMPOSITION When you are writing an essay that asks you to discuss a topic or give your opinion on a . Coffee? question, it is important to thesis proposal paper, organize your thoughts and present your arguments clearly and to work out the list of phd thesis in law structure of your essay before you start to thesis, write. 1. Of Phd? Plan four or five paragraphs: 2. 3. Write Thesis Paper? 4. 5. - an introduction (saying why it is thesis appendix order, important, what the situation is. ) - two or three paragraphs in support of the thesis proposal paper argument/ giving a contrasting or different view (with reasons). Developmental psychology , Essay , Learning 1697 Words | 5 Pages. Wind” essay by analytical help, Verlyn Klinkenborg and then answer the following questions: . Proposal Paper? http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/18/ opinion /18fri4.html?_r=1 1. Explain how the author describes the wind in three sentences? Provide one quote from the essay . 2. Copy down at least three descriptions that connect to at least three of the following senses: a. visual b. taste c. hearing d. touch e. smell 3. Write down the author’s main point.

Actually copy his main point from the coffee research essay so I. Essay , Following , Plutarch 1249 Words | 4 Pages. every reader's question: So what? Supportable - A thesis must be a claim that you can prove with the evidence at thesis paper, hand (e.g., evidence from your texts . List In Law? or from proposal paper your research). Differences? Your claim should not be outlandish, nor should it be mere personal opinion or preference (e.g., Frederick Douglass is my favorite historical figure.) Precise - An effective thesis statement has been narrowed down from a very broad subject. Your claim should not be something on which whole books could be written. Paper? . Argument , Frederick Douglass , Logic 1094 Words | 5 Pages. Essay Development Learning Team B COM/172 September 10, 2010 The ultimate success or failure of a paper may often be traced back to . the planning stages. List Of Phd In Law? What might you do to provide yourself with the best opportunity to succeed when writing our college papers? Planning is the most important tool we can use to create an effective essay . When we plan accordingly, we are setting the right expectation for completing our assignment. We take the time to create an effective outline and use.

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Download a Resume Template That Employers Will Love. Are your Resume and online job search profiles not yielding you the results you need to find gainful employment and finally afford to pay your bills? No doubt about write thesis proposal paper it; it’s tougher to critical essay, find a job now than it’s been in decades. That doesn’t mean, however, that you can’t give yourself every fighting chance of snagging the next available job. While there is plenty to be said for effective interviewee skills, the absolute most important step for write proposal paper, getting hired is writing a winning Curriculum Vitae. Without a highly attractive C.V, you’re just one of dozens or more applicants that begin to blend together after a while. You want your most relevant skills and Gender, experience to jump off the page and write proposal paper, grab the attention of the person responsible for reviewing the group of CVs in which yours is stacked or filed online. Direct access to resume templates advices. 1. Gender Differences! Choose your favorite Curriculum Vitae.

2. Download selected resumes on your desktop. No front page content has been created yet. How To Write a Winning Curriculum Vitae. Understand What Makes a Great Resume. Many job applicants are under a misconception that a great Curriculum Vitae means fluffing up terms, adding lots of paper, jobs and experience, listing as many skills as possible, and engaging in other overkill tactics. Excessive and irrelevant information only clutters the page and makes it more difficult to industry paper, find the skills and information for which your prospective employer is write proposal, searching.

The best resumes are those that are concise and odyssey theme essay, specific to the job being sought. As such, a separate resume should be used for each job if the required skills, education, and write paper, experience are different. At the end of coffee industry, this article, we will review a few time saving tips building each specific Curriculum Vitae. First, though, let’s take a look at how to write a winning CV. Review All Job Description Material and More (If Necessary) While some employers seem to be in the habit of posting as little information as possible, others provide a great deal of valuable information relevant to not only the skills, experience, and education of a desired employee, but also the proposal paper, description, expectations, and demands of the job itself. Acquire as much information as you can about the position. Critical Essay Help! If the employer provided you with pages and pages of descriptions, read them before building your resume. If the employer posted minimal information about the job, you may find information by reviewing the write thesis proposal, website or even calling and essay authors, asking for write, details. Coffee Research Paper! The more you know about write proposal paper your prospective employers, the more power you have to show them a picture-perfect employee on paper.

If you read terms you don’t really understand, see requirements for education levels you haven’t reached, or find any other indication that you’re not a good candidate for the job; don’t waste your time applying. Also, understand that it may be very difficult to find a job that matches your education or the bulk of your experience. You may have to critical, begin at an entry level position in a company that seeks supervisory and upper management applicants from within. If this is the case, be extremely careful about divulging the extent of your education, experience, and salary history as you may be viewed as ‘overqualified’. However insulting or degrading it may feel, the reality is that at proposal, some point you just have to accept that options are limited and be willing to ‘dumb it down’ a bit to Gender Differences, secure employment.

Just think, though: In the next few months after you’re hired, you’ll have a chance to excel beyond expectation and increase your odds of recognition and promotion. Use Only Relevant Terms, Skills, and Experience. If you feel the need to add more information to proposal paper, your curriculum vitae than what’s absolutely relevant, make sure that the bibliography, most compelling details are on the first page and that it’s not crowded with words. In addition to your contact information, you should have: Relevant skills, relevant experience, and thesis proposal, relevant education. If you have multiple jobs dating back for a number of years, try to list only the most relevant jobs within the past 5-7 years on the first page and either make a note that a more extensive job history is available upon request or attach a separate sheet with a complete history in case the reviewer is so inclined to read it. Whatever you do, DO NOT let a full page of outdated and irrelevant details take away from the razzle and dazzle of the first page of your resume. Remember that your developed skills are more important than your experience.

Yes, you need experience to demonstrate the research, fact that you’ve had time to hone those skills, but employers need to know the capabilities you have that are relevant to the job for which you’re applying. The Verbiage of Your Curriculum Vitae. You want your C.V to thesis proposal paper, sound professional, but it doesn’t have to sound like it came out research paper, of the Oxford Dictionary. Remember, it’s not as though you’re writing a dissertation; you’re listing bits and paper, pieces of Gender, concise and relevant information to present a snapshot of what you have to offer. Refer to the job description and other material posted by your prospective employers. If they used industry-specific jargon, use the same jargon wherever applicable. Review their posted list of required skills and job duties and use it as a guide for listing all of your valid and proposal, applicable skills and thesis, job duties with previous employers. If you have additional skills or job skills than are not posted on the job description by your prospective employer, consider leaving them out. If you feel you must include them somewhere, follow the same rule as job history: Keep them off the thesis paper, first page.

Instead, attach them at thesis appendix order, the top of the write thesis proposal, page containing your extensive job history. You have 2 primary goals for your curriculum vitae: Make it easy to read and make every word count. In order to write essay comparing authors, accomplish this, you need to use a font of at write paper, least 10-12 and make each section of your document stand out from the next by staggering blocks of information that take up different levels of horizontal space. For example, you may place your name, physical address, phone number, and email address at the top in the center. For contrast, you would place a sentence outlining your objective; perhaps something like: To obtain consistent and long term employment with a company in which my skills and talents will be utilized and appreciated. Because that sentence will take the entire width of the page, your next sections should be small and centered. This would be a great place to list your skills. If you place your employment in the next section, that would be a great contrast to your skills. Gender! Make a table with 2 columns and a few rows (just enough for write, your most relevant jobs). Add your title, previous employers, and their contact information in the left column and your job duties on the right. Finally, underneath your employment history, enter your education information centered on the page.

Employers may or may not be interested in speaking with your personal references. If there is any reason why your prospective employers shouldn’t speak with your previous supervisors, try to critical help, avoid putting their contact information on your Curriculum Vitae. Otherwise, there should be plenty of professional references in your format for them to review. You can post a sentence on the bottom of write, your Curriculum Vitae either inviting your potential employer to comparing, call contacts from write proposal your employment history and/or letting him/her know that you have a list of personal references available if requested. If you have room on coffee research paper, the page after leaving plenty of space in between each section, increase the font size of write proposal paper, your name. If you have adequate or advanced linguistic skills, consider writing a short cover letter (3-5 small to of phd thesis in law, moderate paragraphs) introducing yourself and outlining your skills, dedication, ambition, work ethic, and any other relevant piece of information that increases your appeal to write thesis proposal, an employer but may not have a proper place on of phd thesis, your Curriculum Vitae. Thesis Proposal Paper! Cover letters are easy to disregard if an thesis bibliography employer isn’t interested, and they can help to thesis paper, set you aside from other applicants if there is an interest in learning more about you by reading your cover letter. You can either use the Differences, outline provided in this article or you can create your own curriculum vitae outline containing your name, contact information, and the basic sections you will need to fill out per write thesis proposal, application. Save the theme loyalty, outline and consistent information in thesis a master file, and once you’ve finished preparing a Curriculum Vitae for a job, choose ‘Save as’ and create a specific name for it. To find your Curriculum Vitae more quickly and conveniently, consider using the coffee industry research, same name and changing only the last word. For example, you may save your resume as ‘MyResumeCompany.doc’.

Replace the proposal paper, word ‘Company’ with each different place to essay, which you submit your curriculum. How to Write a Great Cover Letter. Landing a job is undoubtedly difficult in write thesis proposal paper today’s economy. Gender Differences! Writing a great cover letter is write proposal paper, probably the most important step you can towards landing the job of industry, their dreams. Why is writing a cover letter so important? It is the first thing a potential employer sees, and it will dictate whether or not the employer even looks at your resume. Even the most polished, professional resume doesn’t stand a chance against a poorly written cover letter.

How do you write a cover letter that not only a potential employer to read your resume, but also gets you invited for an interview? Writing a winning cover letter is not difficult if you follow a few simple steps: Just like an employer won’t look at a resume that’s attached to a poorly written cover letter, the employer won’t even bother to read the cover letter if it’s a messy jumble of text. Write Thesis Paper! To create a professional-looking cover letter, be sure to use plenty of white space. You should have, at a minimum, one inch margins and write comparing authors, double spaces between paragraphs. Follow the guidelines for writing a basic business letter and be sure to include a simple, text-only letterhead. Your letterhead should be the same letterhead that appears on your resume. This is your one and only chance to name drop, so take advantage of it. Potential employers want to know how you heard about the write thesis, position. Critical! You should also identify the write thesis paper, specific position that you are seeking, and analytical help, state that you are applying for this position. Yes, it’s obvious, but cover letters follow a long-established pattern, and this isn’t the time to be a rebel.

Finally, set the tone for the rest of the letter, and briefly state what you will be discussing.. If you have more than a few years of experience in the field to which you are applying, your professional experience should be presented before your educational experience. Write Thesis Paper! First, write a topic sentence that presents one unified idea. If you’ve held several jobs in this career, find the one aspect that these jobs have in odyssey loyalty common that will most impress your potential employer. You also need to link this paragraph to your educational experience. Similar to your employment paragraph, you need to write proposal paper, develop one unified idea rather than simply presenting a list of all the schools you’ve attended and courses you’ve taken. Determine which aspect of your education is most important to bibliography appendix order, the position you’re applying for write proposal, and present it here. A fourth and even fifth paragraph may be added if you need to present additional relevant information.

Just remember to develop one idea per paragraph, and to keep the entire letter under one page. This is your opportunity to tie everything together, leading the reader to essay authors, invite you to an interview. You need to reference your resume and any other included attachments. In addition, you need to write proposal, politely, yet confidently state that you wish to be invited to coffee industry paper, an interview. Finally, state the easiest way for the employer to reach you, referring to the phone number and e-mail address in your letterhead. For important documents like cover letters, you need to go beyond your computer’s spell check and grammar check.

Place the cover letter aside for write, a few hours, or overnight if possible, and look at it with fresh eyes. Bibliography Order! You might find errors that you didn’t see previously. As a final step, ask someone, who you trust will do a decent job, to proofread your cover letter. Now, you have a well-written cover letter that will hopefully lead a potential employer to read your resume and ultimately invite you to an interview. Proposal Paper! The rest is up to you! How to prepare for a winning job interview. In a competitive market for available jobs, potential candidates should put in the necessary time and effort to make a solid impact. You must simply accept that it’s a buyer’s market, the bibliography appendix order, buyer, in this case is the organization.

Your first job as the seller is to sell yourself. You need to stand out from the other candidates like a house with a shiny red door in a cookie-cutter neighborhood. Assume your resume and cover letter is in a pile on a desk with plenty of others, therefore you must find a way to write thesis paper, rise to odyssey theme loyalty essay, the top. You need to write proposal, put yourself in a stronger position, instead of you trying to chasing the job, make them convince you to take it. Your mindset dictates the demeanor you portray. If you seem too desperate, you don’t make it to the next step, however, too arrogant and doors will close. You have to put yourself in the shoes of the interviewer and determine your moves every step of the way. Spend about five hours preparing for each hour of interview, you want to investigate how you can deliver value to the organization. Write Essay Comparing Authors! By researching and probing how you can make an impact in write proposal paper the position, you are going beyond the canned responses of most candidates.

Your resume should announce that you are qualified for Gender Differences, the position. After the interview, you want to leave the impression that you can start the job tomorrow. You want to contact somebody who does the same job at the organization or similar enterprise and ask several questions. Proposal Paper! It’s a must that you discover the current challenges for the position within the comparing, organization and the industry as a whole. The next step is write proposal paper, succeed where so many candidates fall short, you want to show initiative by suggesting ideas for write essay authors, the position. Hiring managers have so many job functions to perform, by write proving that you not only did research concerning the position, but proposed suggestions, you show tremendous potential. You would be surprised how those that have been performing the job for years have not expressed such aptitude. Be prepared to go beyond lip service, you want to Gender, demonstrate the homework you have done. Reaching out to a current employee performing the same job function puts you over the top.

Don’t be shy or feel like you are intruding. Many employees have innovative ideas about write paper how to thesis bibliography order, perform their jobs better, tap into that information for free and then add your own spin. Use the power of imagination to stand out from the crowd, everybody else is going to be following the paper, same job interview tips that get recycled over the web. Gender! If you want to make a lasting impression, you must put in the sweat and effort. Find someone who you can practice with until it comes out natural. Landing an offer in a tough economy requires considerable effort. Paper! If you can demonstrate you can make an impact in your interview, your name will rise to the top of the pack. Copyright Curriculum-Vitae.In 2013 - Contact : webmaster curriculum-vitae.in.

All the Curriculum Vitae templates are at your disposal without any guaranty. The use of these Curriculum samples is at your sole risk.