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blog resume template Join our Theme club today and get access to 22 WordPress Themes for just Free. 50+ CV / Resume Cover Letter Templates for a space odessay Word PDF 2017. When you will be applying for new jobs, it might be a stressful time for the tempest a level questions you. A Space. As all of we know that first impression counts, you can reduce the stress by using a professionally designed resume template and cover letter. At present, it is not necessary to essay on coeducation format your own resume by yourself. You just need to browse online, download the template that represents you, edit and print it. These templates are ready made, you just need to customize it. A good resume actually represents your personality to a space the interviewer. Essay. It has to be clean and modern with simple font choices and a well designed layout.

If you download any of the templates from here, then we can assure you that your application will be definitely look better and more professional than other applicants. It will definitely be a great start in securing that dream job. Here, you will find over 50 examples of a space brilliantly designed templates for you in this collection. On Coeducation In English. We would recommend you to odessay have a look at the templates and choose one that suits your personal style or the industry you are applying to. All the templates in 1987 dbq essay the collection can be edited in almost all software programs.

Some of these templates will include cover letters and portfolio templates which is perfect for applying for jobs as you want to maintain consistency of your personal brand throughout the application process when a potential employer receives a cover letter and a space odessay, resume with the same layout, branding and so on, your application will stand out all the more. This is a modern designed resume template suitable for different types of on being the right job applicants who need a bright and colorful look to their Resume or CV. This is a professional and modern resume template with a header space for your name and a blue left column which contains your photo, social media details, education and contact information. This is a modern and clean resume template with 2 columns. The header area has space for odessay your photo, name and short bio. The left column contains social media information, education history, skills and contact details. On the right is your work history, proficiency, languages and hobbies. Occupational Theory. This is a bold and a space odessay, modern resume template which uses a 2 column layout. On the 1987 dbq essay left you can add your photo, social media contacts, education and contact details.

On the right there is space to add your work experience, proficiency, skills, languages and hobbies to allow potential employers to get to know you. This is a modern and clean resume template with 2 columns. Left column is grey and contains your photo, name, social media details, education and contact details. A Space Odessay. This is a bold and modern resume template ideal for all types of professionals and dbq essay, business people. It has a 2 column layout with blue header area with space for your name and head shot photo. This is a simple resume template which has space at the top for your photo and then different sections with icons for About you, your social media profiles, skills, proficiencies and languages with bars to show your experience with each item.

It also has space for work experience and education. This is an a space, Elegant, Clean and Minimal Resume Template suitable for a wide range of job applicants who need something simple and under-stated for their CV / Resume. This is a clean and minimal resume suitable for all types of professionals who need a simple layout to display their resume / CV details. This purchase includes the resume in a number of formats and occupational choice, also a portfolio page and cover letter to a space odessay be used when applying for jobs. This is a modern resume template with a nice simple and clean layout suitable for all kinds of roles. The resume contains space for your photo and sections for uxbridge Education, Work Experience, Social Media Profiles, Languages and Skills / Proficiency Bars with sliders affect. Clean CV Resume has come up with a zip file. You just need to odessay download it and use the template. Resume Template 3 Page | CV Template. This is a high-quality, creative templates that lets you to land on your dream job.

You can create a better looking business resume by using this template. It is Professionally designed and its uniqueness will help you to dr francois create a long lasting approach to a space odessay the employers. Word Resume Cover Letter Template. If you want to create a modern eyecatching resume for yourself, we would recommend you to try this bundle Template to create your new resume with cover letter. This template is really Easy to edit. You can change the colors, add or remove any elements, copy/paste any of the sections you like. Resume is the best way to create the best impression to the interviewer. This is a clean template with a Strong typographic structure and it is easy to use and customize. Choice. If you want to make a long lasting impression when applying for your dream career, then you should go for this resume template. Odessay. It is a sophisticated and elegance template to represent yourself. This is a high-quality, creative templates that lets you to land on the tempest a level questions your dream job.

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How to Make a Resume: A Step-by-Step Guide (+30 Examples) For most people, writing a good resume is a space odessay tough, and 1987 apush dbq essay, it takes time. And the worst part comes when you finally think that you have a great resume, but you're still not getting interviews. Wouldn't it be wonderful if you could figure out how to make a resume that would get you an interview almost EVERY time you applied for a job? It is if you follow the a space odessay process that I am about to share with you step-by-step. And BEST of all, this resume writing process is essay questions quick, and it's proven to land you interviews.

That's true even if you want to write your first resume and have no experience, or if you're a professional who wants to odessay, know how to write a resume that stands out. Here's what you're going to find: How to write a resume for bessay, a job with examples for every section. Quick but little-known tips to odessay, follow to occupational theory essay, get up to 10x MORE INTERVIEWS. Answers to all of your questions about how to make the odessay best resume for a job. How to the tempest essay questions, create a resume online that you can track and a space odessay, send to get more interviews.

A checklist that will help you make sure you know how to prepare a great resume. Here's an is a case example of how to make a good resume for work versus a great resume. What's the a space odessay difference? Is it the way it looks? Not only. We've optimized the sample resume on the right to follow the occupational theory advice that I will share with you in a space odessay, this article. So how do you make a resume? Let me show you step-by-step: Resume vs.

CV. What's the difference? Hello, blank page. Now, what? A resume is a document that showcases your work experience, education, and skills so that you can apply for a job. What's the difference between a resume and a CV? Curriculum Vitae (CV) is a Latin phrase meaning course of life and is a document that entails much more than a resume. Not only is a CV longer than a resume, but it showcases accomplishments and essay questions, experience in much greater detail. It's the a space ideal document for academics.

So, knowing how to write an academic resume is knowing how to write a CV. If you need to know more, read our guide: CV vs. Dr Francois! Resume: What is the Difference? When to Use Which (Examples) Once you know if you should write a CV or resume, it's time to choose the right format. How to Choose a Professional Resume Format. What does a resume look like?

There are three types of professional resume formats: Most job seekers choose the reverse-chronological resume format. Here's what a sample resume looks like written in odessay, the reverse-chronological format: Traditional Familiar to dbq essay, Recruiters. Experienced professionals can highlight skills. Career changers can emphasize transferrable skills.

Uncommon and a space, not as familiar to recruiters. Not suggested for entry-level job seekers. Entry-level job seekers can emphasize skills instead of experience. Recruiters may think you're hiding something. Still not sure which professional resume format is dr francois bessay uxbridge best for you? Need to a space odessay, see examples of apush dbq essay resumes with different layouts? Read our guide: 3 Resume Formats: How To Choose The Best One [Examples] Contact Information Is Not as Basic as It Seems. Despite the professional resume format you choose, your contact information goes at the top. Here is how to write a resume contact section: Adding your address is optional. It is no longer necessary to a space, add it to a modern resume.

Plus, it might be better to exclude it if you are applying for a job that isn’t local. Your email address should be professional which means: Choosing a sophisticated email provider. Not using your current work email. Essay On Coeducation In English! Instead, create a professional, private email address. Avoiding email addresses from when you were in high school. A Space Odessay! It won’t amuse recruiters to see johnlikesgoats@hotmail.com or sexysara@gmail.com . Okay, maybe it will amuse them a little bit, but they won’t call you for an interview. Adding URLs to your personal website or blog directs recruiters to on being size, your portfolio or extra work that you want to odessay, show without cluttering up your perfect resume. Pro Tip: Make sure you review your social media accounts to essay, check for unprofessional content.

When you add a link to your social media profiles, make sure they're optimized to give recruiters the best impression. Not sure how to optimize your LinkedIn profile to attract employers? Read our guide: How to Optimize Your LinkedIn Profile To Get More Jobs Here’s How the Best Candidates Start Their Resumes. Again, what does a resume look like? Well, you know that contact information comes first. But what comes next? Education? Experience?

Does it matter where you put things when you're deciding how to make a resume? The short answer is yes, it does matter. That's because your best stuff should go in the top third of your resume. And the best way to start any killer resume is with an introduction to yourself. Think of it like this: The top of odessay your resume is the penthouse - the in english most important piece of real estate on the document. But why? The average recruiter spends six seconds scanning your resume in between reading Facebook messages from grandma, drinking coffee, and deciding what's for lunch. She is looking for very specific information, and she is only going to look for it in the top third of your resume. If you do not grab her attention - game over. That's why a creative resume summary or objective can save the a space odessay day.

Here's a sample resume: What is a resume summary statement? A resume summary is a short, snappy introduction that highlights your career progress and skill set. It should also demonstrate why you'll be a valuable hire. Boyfriend Material experienced at laying coats over mud puddles, opening doors, and size, pulling out a space, chairs. Charming, funny, and a great conversationalist seeking to leverage 10+ years of dr francois bessay experience delivering anecdotes to entertain you through boring social events. Has an MA in hand holding and a space, a license to cook romantic dinners. What is a resume objective statement?

A resume objective achieves the same thing as a resume summary. The difference is the tempest questions how you write one and who should use it. Experienced Chef interested in becoming a Zoo Keeper. Tons of a space experience with picky clients who need to be fed with the right food at dr francois bessay, the right time. Want to apply my patience and understanding of complicated clients to a space odessay, taking care of angry lions at the Zoo.

This candidate chose an effective resume objective over a summary because he is uxbridge changing his career from chef to zookeeper. Either way, the point is to odessay, focus on the employer's needs and not your own. Who should use an objective for essay in english, a resume? Entry-level Applicants and Students Career Changers Professionals Targeting Specific Positions. You can also choose to write something called a professional profile . A Space! When considering how to write a resume profile, think of it as a hybrid that crosses elements of the objective and the summary.

A good resume profile lists your qualifications, experience, and education regarding the company’s needs and values. Questions! It can be formatted as a paragraph or as a list with resume bullet points. Wouldn't it be nice to odessay, have some resume examples of summaries tailored specifically to your profession? Read our guide: A Resume Summary That Will Get You The Job [7 Secret Steps] How to Write a Resume Experience Section That's More Than a List. The first section that should appear in the body of an excellent resume is the section that will best show off your skills and accomplishments. For most of you, that will probably be the a level experience section.

Let's say you're learning how to make a student resume, or have little or no work experience. In that case, lead with your education or skills section. But do you know how to write a resume employment history? When you start writing a resume experience section you will want to keep a few things in a space, mind: Write your job history in reverse-chronological order - start with your current position. Include around six bullet points describing the scope of your responsibilities. Is A Case Study! Tailor each of these bullets points to a space, reflect the bessay uxbridge skills listed in the job description. Follow the bullet point format (see below), and include facts and a space, figures. Choice! You should try to odessay, include achievements that show your professional impact.

Tell a career story that reinforces your professinal persona. Sample Resume Experience Entry: Spearhead a global brand strategy for our top performing product. Analyze market trends and what, recommend solutions resulting in odessay, a 10% upswing in sales annually. Prepare Portfolio Deployment Plans. Head up a team of 10+ marketing specialists. Organize marketing materials.

Responsible for brand strategy. Responsible for analyzing market trends. Dr Francois Uxbridge! Responsible for a team of a space marketing specialists. Now, what if you have career gaps in your job history or a habit of job hopping? Let’s face it. Not all of us have a pristine job history.

And it's difficult to essay, know how to create a resume that addresses career gaps without cheating. One approach is to a space odessay, include a brief explanation next to essay on coeducation, each job. By briefly stating that your stay became short lived due to downsizing or relocation, you will reassure the recruiter that you're not a risky candidate. Chronic career hoppers may be tempted to tamper with dates, leaving only the years in odessay, their experience section: Excluding the the right months makes it look like you worked a year instead of three months. But it's a dirty trick that employers know well, which makes it a big no, no. Pro Tip: Feel free to list “non-traditional” work in your experience section - like volunteer jobs or freelance work. Is Your Education Section Underperforming? It Might Be.

You should also write your education section of your resume in reverse-chronological order, with your most recent degree appearing first. Usually, you will want to include the type of degree, your major, your university, and any honors or awards you received. You can skip your GPA. But if you're a recent college graduate who's making a student resume, it's okay to a space, add your GPA if it's 3.5 or higher. You can also include a coursework narrative. Essay! For professionals, the inclusion of a coursework narrative is another way to reinforce a professional persona. Do you know how to a space, make a resume when you have a GED or didn't graduate? Not sure how to write a degree on a resume? We can help with that. Check out our article: How To Put Your Education On A Resume [Tips Examples] Why You Need to Focus on dr francois bessay, Your Skills Section. When you consider how to make a good resume that stands out odessay, , it has everything to do with sprinkling your skills throughout your resume.

But, it also makes sense to have a big section labeled “ SKILLS .” Use the what business case study key skills listed in a space odessay, the job description. This will also help you create a modern resume for a job that will pass through Applicant Tracking System (ATS) software. More about that later. Recruiters should be able to see two things when they look at size essay, your skills for a resume:

You have the odessay skill set they want and in english, requested in the job post. Odessay! You have extra skills that prove you are a valuable worker. Do you want to know how to make a great resume for a job that showcases the best resume skills? I thought so. Read our guide: What Skills To Put On a Resume [Examples + 6 Proven Tips] How to Add Other Resume Sections While Making an Effective Resume. Here are some additional resume sections you can consider adding if you don't feel the traditional resume sections are doing it for you. Students and fresh graduates - you may want to consider adding a separate section for awards or honors, or a section for extracurricular activities. Apush! If you've got a technical background - you might want to consider an extra section for odessay, certificates, licenses, or software. Some professionals who have opted for making a resume for work over an academic CV might still want to add a section for publications or conferences. Others may want to add a section that shows off their command of languages or other achievements and 1987 apush dbq essay, projects.

Whatever you decide to odessay, add, just make sure that your additions don't overwhelm your resume. What Case Study! You still want everything to fit onto one page if possible. No One Adds a Hobbies Section, But It Works So Well. The hobbies section of a space a resume is optional. But, I recommend adding one if you have space. Adding your interests shows off extra skills for a resume, makes your resume stand out, and gives the hiring manager a fuller image of choice essay you. Your interests are also a way to make yourself more attractive and memorable to odessay, your potential employer. You can always cut this section later if your resume is too long. Not convinced? Well, it's true. Adding a hobbies and dr francois bessay uxbridge, interests section can boost a contemporary resume.

Find out how: Best Examples Of Hobbies Interests To Put On A Resume (5 Tips) How to odessay, Write a Perfect Resume Tailored to the Job Description. Did you know that R2D2 might run a scan on your resume before a human does? On average, a corporate job offer attracts up to 250 resumes . On Being Essay! Of those, 4 to 6 candidates will get invited for an interview. And only one person will get the a space job. With that many resumes to sift through, recruiters are using something called Applicant Tracking System (ATS) software. The software compares your resume to the job description based on keywords. How to prepare a resume that will make it through ATS? You need to tailor your resume. Tailoring a resume to the job description is adding keywords and information from the is a business case study job offer. For starters, you're going to want to make a master resume. A master resume is an updated version of all your work experience, skills, and accomplishments.

When you sit down to write a tailored version of your resume, you will pick and odessay, choose material from your master resume to match the specific job for which you are applying. To further tailor the content to the job description, you're going to add keywords that you find in the offer. Let's say you want to apply for a job as a copywriter. The job description says: Able to work on several campaigns at once, sometimes under pressure and the tempest essay questions, often to tight deadlines. To tailor your basic resume, you will want to add some of the phrases verbatim to your experience section. For example: Work on several campaigns at once.

To make it more powerful, you can add details such as the number of campaigns you can juggle at once. Here is an odessay example of a resume job description with all of the keywords highlighted along with a resume sample that we've tailored to match. Need more in-depth information about how to make a resume that's tailored to what is a business case, the job description? Need more resume samples? Read our guide: 6 Proven Tips On How To Tailor Your Resume To The Job Description How to a space odessay, Prepare a Resume That Will Attract ANY Recruiter. If you're struggling with how to make a good resume stand out, all you need to do is make things quantifiable. Wherever possible. Everywhere. What Is A! Because using numbers gives the recruiter some tangible proof of an achievement. Here are some basic resume examples of achievements:

The hiring manager now sees quantifiable, specific proof of odessay your achievements. Using numbers also improves the readability of the occupational theory essay text, and draws the eye of the recruiter. No One Adds Achievements, But It Works So Well. Adding achievements to your resume is an a space odessay extremely effective way of selling your skills and experience. All you have to dr francois bessay, do is add your achievements as resume bullet points in a space, your experience section. You will want to theory, use the a space PAR ( Problem Action Result ) Approach to writing your achievements: Here're a few right and the right size essay, wrong resume examples of how to write achievements: Problem : My previous employer wanted to increase revenue.

Action : I created a new marketing campaign on Facebook. Result : We saw an increase in sales by 15% and an increase in revenue by 10%. Not sure how to quantify your achievements? Want more examples of accomplishments to put on a space odessay, a contemporary resume? Read our guide: Examples of what study Professional Achievements To Put On A Resume [3 Tips] Turn Boring Words Into Action Words - Here’s How. How many times have you used the phrase responsible for in your experience section? More than once?

You may want to consider mixing up your vocabulary. Overusing words and phrases like “responsible for” or “manage” is boring. Now, while you should avoid jargon and empty words, action verbs can spice up your resume and a space, make it stand out. Also, be sure to the right essay, use the present tense when describing your current role. Here're a few before and after resume examples:

Pro Tip: Don't overdo it. You don't want to a space odessay, sound like a freshman English major flexing a large vocabulary. And avoid resume buzzwords like synergy. Trust me. The Best Candidates Know How to essay on coeducation, Show Their Career Progression. What makes a good resume?

CEO, Director, Manager - all you need is a big, impressive title, right? At this point, you probably figured out that knowing how to odessay, build a resume goes far beyond listing fancy titles. What really matters, is whether those titles are backed up by a story of career progression. For example, describing yourself as a social media manager won’t be credible if all you did was the marketing for your parent’s pizza place. You have to on being essay, show a steady progression into a space odessay a management position.

Each former role should reinforce your place in the next one. Rather than repeating duties when you describe previous roles, write about the new tasks you took on when you advanced. Responsible for the creation of a global brand strategy for a major category. Prepare Category and on being the right size, Portfolio Deployment Plans. A Space Odessay! Analyze market trends and on being size essay, recommend solutions. A Space! Team Management (10 marketing specialists). Marketing Specialist / Senior Marketing Specialist: Planned and implemented promotional campaigns. Cooperated with interactive agencies. What Is A Business Study! Managed project budgets and timeline control.

Researched information. A Space Odessay! Assisted during promotional campaigns. See how these responsibilities evolve? What if you're a student and need to dr francois, know how to make a resume with no experience. Read our dedicated guide on odessay, how to write a resume for students: The Complete Guide To Writing A Student Resume [13 Tips, Examples] How to Create a Resume That Draws Attention to Promotions. Highlighting your promotions shows potential employers that your previous supervisors valued your work performance. Even lateral moves suggest that you were able to handle diverse responsibilities. Here are a few ways to describe your promotions while writing a resume:

Repeatedly recognized for top performance through fast-track promotions and a level essay questions, selection for a space, high-priority initiatives. Earned promotion following a superior performance, and demonstrated ability to quickly learn and master complex concepts. What if you moved up within the bessay uxbridge same organization? You don’t have to mention the a space name of the same company more than once. What Case! It will make even the best resume look messy. Here’s what to do instead:

COMPANY NAME City, State, 2001 to a space, Present. Describe responsibilities and achievements. Describe responsibilities and achievements. Describe responsibilities and achievements. Here's a Quick Tip on 1987 apush dbq essay, How Make Your Resume Easy to a space odessay, Read. Need to know how to make a resume easy for a recruiter to read? It's as simple as aligning your text to the left. To make your text even more skimmable use the same resume font and dr francois, font size, and make strategic use of bold, italics, and caps. The bulk of your resume will consist of bullet points. Here's how to construct them:

Spearheaded a targeted email campaign that resulted in a 15% upswing in odessay, newsletter registration. You might also want to consider how to bessay uxbridge, create a resume using templates. A Space Odessay! Professional resume templates can make your documents cleaner and easier to a level, read. They also save you time and energy. Let's face it. Odessay! No one likes trying to 1987, control one-inch margins in Word. Is a Font Ruining Your Awesome Resume? While choosing a basic resume font may seem like a silly chore - it's not.

A good font will ensure that your resume is readable. What is the odessay best font for what business study, a resume? The best font for a resume is one that a recruiter can read with no effort. Stick with fonts that sound like hipster baby names - Arial, Helvetica, Calibri, and Verdana. What is the best resume font size? The Goldilocks font size is a space 10-12 points - not too big and not too small. Keep it uniform. The bottom line is making sure you don't sacrifice resume margins, white space, or font size in an attempt to cram everything onto one page. Still not sure about what font to choose while writing a resume?

Read our guide about the on being size best resume fonts: What Is The Best Font For A Resume (+10 Examples Tips) Here Is the Best Way to Save Your Resume. When you're done writing your perfect resume, it's time to a space, consider how to case, make a resume file. A Space! And that's not as obvious as it sounds. The best advice is to save your resume as a PDF and give it your name. When you save your resume as a PDF, there is no chance that the formatting will glitch and get messed up when a recruiter opens the file. Do keep in mind that if your resume has to pass ATS software, Cylons don't like special formatting or graphics. Read the 1987 apush instructions explaining how to send your resume, because you may need to send something other than a PDF.

How should you name your files? The recruiter won’t have to search for a space odessay, that crazy space smuggler’s resume when they want to essay on coeducation in english, refer to a space odessay, it. Not sold on what, saving your file as a PDF document? Need to see some pros and cons about odessay, different file formats? Read our guide: Word VS PDF Resume: What Is The Best Resume Format? Here Is an Easy Way to Keep a Resume Short. How long should an ideal resume be? One page or two? Most contemporary resume guidelines will tell you that while making a resume, you should do your best to dbq essay, keep it to odessay, one page. But you don’t want to force it, and that isn't true for everyone. The best thing to do is to go through at the end and occupational theory, trim as much fat as possible without losing the a space odessay value.

Here are three tips on how to dbq essay, make a resume for a job shorter: If you aren't sure how long your resume should be or need more advice on how to odessay, make a resume shorter, read our guide: How Long Should a Resume Be? Everything You Need To Know Little Known Tools That Will Proofread Your Resume for You. One of the worst things you can do is send out theory essay, a basic resume that is full of grammar and spelling mistakes. You need to proofread your resume. It doesn’t matter if you already know how to a space odessay, write a resume that stands out. Even the a level essay best resumes need to be proofread by a second person. Whoever you chose can also give you an odessay objective opinion about how you’ve presented yourself.

Start by proofreading your resume with the help of apps like Grammarly, Language Tool, or other language tools. Next, ask your mom, your partner, your best friend, your neighbor - whoever - to read over your resume for you. How to Clean Up Your Online Image. Before sending your resume, you will want to what is a case study, check your online presence. That's because 59% of a space odessay recruiters research candidates online after reading their resumes. Let's say you're sure you know how to write a resume and you follow all of our advice. Occupational Choice Theory! That won't matter if you skip this step. Start by entering your name into Google to see what comes up in the results.

Most of you will find links to your social media profiles. As long as you cleared your profiles of unprofessional content, you should be good to a space odessay, go. If you have a more common name like Jane Smith, for essay on coeducation, example, you may not find much about yourself at all. Some of you might be disturbed to a space odessay, find extremely personal content such as your bank account number, an image of your signature, or sexually explicit images that have been posted without your consent. If this happens, you can ask Google to remove the information from the in english Internet for a space, you. If you find some embarrassing content on a web page, Google suggests that it is best to contact the webmaster (owner) to 1987 apush dbq essay, have the a space image or content removed. Here’s the Most Common Myth About Cover Letters. A cover letter is still needed when you send a resume to a potential employer. Up to 45% of recruiters will reject resumes without cover letters. So, even if you know how to write a resume, you can forget about landing the job if you don't send a cover letter.

Your cover letter or application letter is where you can expand upon things that you need to what is a business case study, keep brief on a space, your resume. It also needs to be tailored to the job for a level, which you are applying. As for resume references, they're the one thing you truly don't need anymore. So, lose the a space phrase references upon request. Okay, so you need a cover letter. But do you know how to write an application letter? And better yet, how do you write a convincing one? Read our guide: How To Write A Cover Letter [Complete Guide With Examples] Why Sending a Personal Message Can Be a Big Win. When you send your resume to a general email address like jobs@company.com , your resume is entering a swamp of identical messages from the tempest, other candidates. One thing you can do to differentiate your message is to try to find out the name of the person who will be reading your resume and a space odessay, send them a personal email. This is not the best solution in every case.

You will need to decide if a hiring manager will see the on coeducation in english gesture as clever or creepy. Pro Tip : If you use our resume builder, ( create your resume here ) you have the option to publish your resume and a space, send a link to employers. Sending a link will allow you to track views and downloads so that you know how well your resume is performing. Want to send a personal message but can't find the hiring manager's email address? Need to know how to write a resume email?

We've got you covered: How To Email Your Resume To Get More Replies From Employers Once you've sent your resume, it's a good idea to what business case, track it. You can install a free sales tool like Mixmax or YesWare to odessay, help you. Knowing if recruiters have opened and read your email will enable you to follow-up promptly or find different email addresses. Your resume is your passport to job interviews. And knowing how to make a resume for a job is the first step on apush, any career path. So, take the time and energy to think about how to write a resume well and how to tailor it to a space, the job description. If you can do that, you're well on your way to the next level - the interview.

Bonus: Check out our ultimate checklist of 56 things you need to do before you send your resume. How many have you missed? Download: “Resume 101 Checklist.” Are there any great resume writing tips we need to include in the article? Do you have any questions about how to make a resume for 1987 apush dbq essay, your position?

Add a comment. I’ll be happy to answer. Natalie is a space a writer at Uptowork. She loves writing about resumes and eating tacos more than life itself. She spends her free time reading complicated novels and binge watching TV series.

45,000 caught cheating at Britain#039;s universities. As cases of 'academic misconduct' rocket, computer programs able to identify plagiarism are being overtaken fast. The Independent Online. Using a mobile phone is one way to odessay pass your exams, but notes on the arm will do Jason Alden. Tens of thousands of students in universities across Britain have been caught cheating in exams and coursework – and the trend is on the right, the rise, according to a investigation by odessay The Independent on Sunday . Over the past three years, more than 45,000 students at 80 institutions have been hauled before college authorities and the tempest questions found guilty of a space academic misconduct ranging from bringing crib-sheets or mobile phones into exams to what is a business study paying private firms to write essays for a space odessay, them. Apush Dbq Essay? Some 16,000 cases were recorded in the past year alone, as university chiefs spent millions on software to identify work reproduced from a space odessay published material, or simply cut and pasted from the internet. But officials last night warned they were fighting a losing battle against on coeducation hi-tech advances – which means it is becoming increasingly difficult to detect the cheats.

Tessa Byars, an advice services manager at a space Anglia Ruskin University Students' Union, warned that advances in is a case study, technology had made it nearly impossible for universities to keep up. It's only odessay, going to get worse, she said. From next September we expect to see cheating incidents rise. The introduction of tuition fees will increase pressure and anxiety to get a good degree. They're all worried about their employment prospects. University bosses blame the what study, financial crisis for raising the odessay, stakes in higher education, making many students willing to do anything to secure good grades – or just to stay on their degree courses. A number of experts claim that Tony Blair's flagship policy of increasing access to higher education has left thousands of young people starting university without all the practical and intellectual skills required.

Ministers have now been urged to step in to choice theory essay help institutions defend standards against increasingly sophisticated methods, particularly agencies that produce customised essays for students – often for fees of hundreds of pounds. The Liberal Democrat peer Lord Willis, who led an inquiry into the state of a space odessay Britain's universities three years ago, said ministers must gain control over the essay-writing companies whose products are almost impossible to detect. The former headteacher said ministers should impose a register of all companies offering professional advice on writing essays. Lord Willis said: We were disappointed that the last government ignored our recommendations on making these firms liable for criminal prosecution. Something needs to bessay be done to bring them into line. Under the Freedom of Information Act, The IoS obtained answers from more than 80 institutions. The responses revealed a catalogue of offences, including individuals caught taking exams for odessay, someone else, using concealed notes or taking mobile phones into examination halls and colluding with fellow students to produce identical coursework. Hundreds were kicked off their courses, while many more have been fined, had their marks downgraded, or been sent for dr francois bessay uxbridge, counselling.

The Oxford University Proctors' Office report listed 26 cases last year, including two students who were expelled for offences including plagiarism and a space odessay further fines on two students who took mobile phones or BlackBerrys into on coeducation, exams. Odessay? The IoS has established that at least 45,000 students at more than 80 UK institutions have been hauled before the dr francois bessay, authorities and a space found guilty of misconduct in their exams or coursework over the past three years. The toll last year was almost 16,000, an increase on two years before, despite attempts to apush dbq essay persuade undergraduates to a space stay on the straight and narrow. Greenwich University, with more than 900 cases, was the worst in questions, the country, but 12 others reported more than one cheat every day. The high rate of cheating has also been blamed in part on the tens of thousands of a space odessay international students who, Ms Byars said, come from countries with different practices and cultures. Others said the recent huge increase in undergraduates meant there were many students at new universities who were not adequately prepared to complete degrees. Geoffrey Alderman, professor of history and politics at the University of Buckingham, said the cheats had moved on from Type 1 fraud – mainly cutting and the right pasting material from the odessay, internet – as that could now be detected easily. Professor Alderman, who has complained about a decline in university standards, added: If a student who I know to be mediocre in class suddenly produces a brilliant essay, I will have them in for an oral examination to see whether they can reproduce that work. I'm not sure all universities do that.

I will not allow a student's nationality or ethnic background to excuse cheating. The Government should use the criminal law to stop this happening – it's fraud and it devalues the currency of all degrees. Sally Hunt, general secretary of the University and College Union, said politicians had to share the blame for the rising tide of cheating. She said: Cheating is wrong, and students need to understand that and the right size essay the consequences that come with it if they are tempted to explore unscrupulous ways of completing their work. However, successive governments are also partly to a space blame. Hawking degrees around like any other commodity, using graduate-earning premiums as a selling point, has changed the study, nature of life on campus.

London Metropolitan, which had the highest number of cheating offences in the country in 2009-10, recorded the second-highest last year, behind Greenwich. They were followed by Sheffield Hallam, Leeds Metropolitan and Wolverhampton. A spokeswoman for Greenwich University said the figures demonstrated a particularly robust approach to academic misconduct. She added: Staff are highly vigilant, and we use a number of techniques that are not in use throughout the whole sector. Increasingly, universities are taking a defensive stance – insisting it is complicated by a space odessay a growing number of case study students who enter university unfamiliar with the correct procedures of citation or who do not have a good command of English. Niall Hayes, a lecturer at a space odessay Lancaster University Management School, said: People come to us without experience of extended writing or formulating arguments and what case building on other's ideas. A Space Odessay? That's something we have to deal with and it's why we can't necessarily identify it as cheating.

Jon Elsmore, dean of students at Wolverhampton, said: Sometimes plagiarism can occur unintentionally, and if problems are identified early in a student's career they can be helped to develop their academic skills and avoid more serious consequences if they do not change their approach. There are hundreds of internet sites offering everything from presentations, short-form essays and essay on coeducation even a PhD thesis written to order. Some are based in the UK while many exist only online. Posing as a student with an urgent deadline, we used a company called All Writing Source purporting to a space be based in essay, Surrey. Essays can be ordered using a drop-down menu, with prices determined by length, time of a space delivery and desired mark. We stipulated a Guaranteed First Class Degree (sic) at 1,500 words and delivered by choice theory essay e-mail within 24 hours. The title we set was: Did Tony Blair lie in making the case for military action in a space odessay, Iraq?

The total cost came in at ?143.70. The sales assistant, Kevin, refused any textbooks, insisting the firm would get in touch if they needed more information. The reason is that we have our own in-house writers who do the job for us. free from all plagiarisms, he wrote. He promised to deliver the essay in 1987, under 24 hours. The next day, 10 minutes before the odessay, deadline, we were told the essay was ready. The paper passed flawlessly through Turnitin, one of the leading plagiarism checkers, and had even cited seven sources in bessay uxbridge, the bibliography. But was it really the Guaranteed First Class that we were promised?

We gave it to John Rentoul, a visiting fellow at Queen Mary, University of London, for marking. Professor Rentoul's verdict: Some evidence of knowledge of the subject, but: 1. Very poor grammar and style, unintelligible in places (reads as if it has been translated by Google from another language); 2. Very poor sources and a space sourcing. All four books cited are polemical anti-war works. No primary material cited at all; 3. Argument, analysis and narrative weak and unsupported by evidence.

Much too polemical rather than historical in style. On Being The Right? The question needs to be defined and then the evidence for and against odessay needs to be cited and weighed. Please see me for further advice. Mark: 42 (Third Class marks: 40-49) We returned to the company the next day, explaining that we were from The Independent on Sunday . The firm denied it was encouraging cheating and offered to 1987 apush improve the essay based on the examiner's comments. The company's website disclaimer reads: AllWritingSource.co.uk is a custom research/writing/rewriting service that provides proper references too for assistance purposes only. It is necessary to use every paper with appropriate reference.

The papers provided serve as model papers for students and are not to a space odessay be submitted as it is. These papers are intended to be used for research and dr francois bessay reference purposes only. Ollie (surname withheld by The IoS), 22, studied at Glasgow Caledonian University. The computer science student was accused of cheating after a professor spotted similarities between his and a friend's work. A Space? It was the night before a programming assignment was due and I convinced someone on my course to let me see their coursework. I tried to change some details and I thought it would be enough. But when the marker looked over the code it was clear that the origins of both our work was similar. Choice? We were called in on separate occasions to explain the code outline, how it worked, in a space, order to essay try to work out which of us was cheating. I thought I could get away with it, but it was clear that the work was alien to odessay me. Bessay? But it was also obvious that I had grasped the theory, even though I hadn't done the odessay, work myself, so I think they were more lenient. The assessment was counted as a fail and I was made to 1987 apush dbq essay resit the assignment.

In the end, I took the blame. If anything, the experience has taught me not to attempt things I can't explain and never to use other people's coursework. Clare Trayner, 23, was a geography student at Royal Holloway who was accused of cheating after anti-plagiarism software flagged up her essay. A Space Odessay? Everyone was emailed to collect their essay, but mine was held back. I was then told to on being the right essay attend a formal meeting as I had been caught committing plagiarism. I knew I hadn't cheated but I wasn't clear on what the a space, problem was. I was told one paragraph had been flagged up as resembling the choice essay, content on an internet site. Eventually I was found guilty of plagiarism but as it was my first time I would be only a space odessay, marked down by 10 per cent on that module.

My mark for the module went from a high 2:1 to a 2:2. Interviews by Tabby Kinder. The Tempest A Level Essay? We use cookies to a space odessay enhance your visit to our site and to bring you advertisements that might interest you. Read our Privacy and Cookie Policies to find out more. We've noticed that you are using an ad blocker.

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Chapter 3: Architectural Patterns and Styles. For more details of the topics covered in this guide, see Contents of the Guide. This chapter describes and discusses high level patterns and principles commonly used for applications today. These are often referred to as the architectural styles , and include patterns such as client/server, layered architecture, component-based architecture, message bus architecture, and service-oriented architecture (SOA). For each style, you will find an overview, key principles, major benefits, and information that will help you choose the appropriate architectural styles for your application. A Space? It is important to understand that the styles describe different aspects of applications.

For example, some architectural styles describe deployment patterns, some describe structure and design issues, and others describe communication factors. Therefore, a typical application will usually use a combination of more than one of the styles described in this chapter. An architectural style, sometimes called an architectural pattern, is essay in english a set of a space odessay principles—a coarse grained pattern that provides an abstract framework for a family of systems. An architectural style improves partitioning and promotes design reuse by providing solutions to frequently recurring problems. You can think of architecture styles and the right size essay patterns as sets of principles that shape an application. Garlan and Shaw define an architectural style as: “#2026a; family of systems in terms of a pattern of structural organization. More specifically, an architectural style determines the vocabulary of components and connectors that can be used in odessay instances of that style, together with a set of the right essay constraints on how they can be combined. These can include topological constraints on architectural descriptions (e.g., no cycles). Other constraints—say, having to do with execution semantics—might also be part of the style definition.” An understanding of architectural styles provides several benefits.

The most important benefit is that they provide a common language. They also provide opportunities for conversations that are technology agnostic. This facilitates a higher level of conversation that is inclusive of patterns and odessay principles, without getting into specifics. For example, by using architecture styles, you can talk about client/server versus n -tier. Occupational Choice Theory Essay? Architectural styles can be organized by their key focus area.

The following table lists the odessay, major areas of occupational choice focus and the corresponding architectural styles. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), Message Bus. Client/Server, N-Tier, 3-Tier. Domain Driven Design. Component-Based, Object-Oriented, Layered Architecture. Summary of Key Architectural Styles. The following table lists the common architectural styles described in this chapter.

It also contains a brief description of each style. Later sections of this chapter contain more details of each style, as well as guidance to help you choose the appropriate ones for your application. Segregates the system into two applications, where the client makes requests to the server. In many cases, the server is a database with application logic represented as stored procedures. Decomposes application design into reusable functional or logical components that expose well-defined communication interfaces. Domain Driven Design. An object-oriented architectural style focused on a space odessay, modeling a business domain and on being the right defining business objects based on entities within the a space, business domain.

Partitions the concerns of the application into what is a business case study, stacked groups (layers). An architecture style that prescribes use of a software system that can receive and a space send messages using one or more communication channels, so that applications can interact without needing to know specific details about dbq essay each other. Segregates functionality into separate segments in much the same way as the layered style, but with each segment being a tier located on a space odessay, a physically separate computer. A design paradigm based on division of responsibilities for an application or system into individual reusable and self-sufficient objects, each containing the data and the behavior relevant to the object. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) Refers to applications that expose and consume functionality as a service using contracts and messages. The architecture of a software system is almost never limited to a single architectural style, but is often a combination of architectural styles that make up the complete system. For example, you might have a SOA design composed of services developed using a layered architecture approach and an object-oriented architecture style. A combination of what is a case architecture styles is also useful if you are building a public facing Web application, where you can achieve effective separation of concerns by a space odessay using the layered architecture style.

This will separate your presentation logic from your business logic and your data access logic. Your organization's security requirements might force you to deploy the application using either the is a business case, 3-tier deployment approach, or a deployment of more than three tiers. The presentation tier may be deployed to the perimeter network, which sits between an organization's internal network and an external network. On your presentation tier, you may decide to use a separated presentation pattern (a type of layered design style), such as Model-View-Controller (MVC), for your interaction model. You might also choose a SOA architecture style, and implement message-based communication, between your Web server and a space odessay application server. If you are building a desktop application, you may have a client that sends requests to a program on the server. In this case, you might deploy the client and server using the client/server architecture style, and use the component-based architecture style to decompose the design further into independent components that expose the on coeducation, appropriate communication interfaces.

Using the object-oriented design approach for these components will improve reuse, testability, and flexibility. Many factors will influence the odessay, architectural styles you choose. Study? These factors include the capacity of your organization for design and a space odessay implementation; the capabilities and on being the right size experience of your developers; and your infrastructure and organizational constraints. The following sections will help you to odessay determine the appropriate styles for your applications. The client/server architectural style describes distributed systems that involve a separate client and dr francois uxbridge server system, and a connecting network. The simplest form of a space odessay client/server system involves a server application that is on being accessed directly by multiple clients, referred to as a 2-Tier architectural style. Historically, client/server architecture indicated a graphical desktop UI application that communicated with a database server containing much of the business logic in the form of a space odessay stored procedures, or with a dedicated file server.

More generally, however, the client/server architectural style describes the relationship between a client and one or more servers, where the client initiates one or more requests (perhaps using a graphical UI), waits for in english replies, and processes the replies on receipt. The server typically authorizes the user and then carries out the processing required to a space odessay generate the result. The server may send responses using a range of protocols and data formats to communicate information to the client. Today, some examples of the client/server architectural style include Web browser—based programs running on the Internet or an intranet; Microsoft Windows® operating system—based applications that access networked data services; applications that access remote data stores (such as e-mail readers, FTP clients, and database query tools); and tools and utilities that manipulate remote systems (such as system management tools and network monitoring tools). Other variations on the client/server style include: Client-Queue-Client systems . This approach allows clients to communicate with other clients through a server-based queue. Clients can read data from and send data to a server that acts simply as a queue to uxbridge store the data. This allows clients to distribute and synchronize files and information. This is sometimes known as a passive queue architecture. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) applications . Developed from the a space odessay, Client-Queue-Client style, the on being the right size essay, P2P style allows the client and server to swap their roles in order to distribute and synchronize files and information across multiple clients. It extends the client/server style through multiple responses to requests, shared data, resource discovery, and odessay resilience to removal of peers.

Application servers . A specialized architectural style where the in english, server hosts and executes applications and a space odessay services that a thin client accesses through a browser or specialized client installed software. An example is a client executing an application that runs on the server through a framework such as Terminal Services. The main benefits of the essay on coeducation in english, client/server architectural style are: Higher security . All data is stored on odessay, the server, which generally offers a greater control of security than client machines. Centralized data access . Because data is stored only on the server, access and updates to the data are far easier to administer than in other architectural styles. Dr Francois Uxbridge? Ease of maintenance . Roles and responsibilities of a computing system are distributed among several servers that are known to each other through a network. This ensures that a client remains unaware and unaffected by a space odessay a server repair, upgrade, or relocation. Consider the client/server architectural style if your application is server based and will support many clients, you are creating Web-based applications exposed through a Web browser, you are implementing business processes that will be used by people throughout the organization, or you are creating services for other applications to consume. The client/server architectural style is also suitable, like many networked styles, when you want to questions centralize data storage, backup, and management functions, or when your application must support different client types and different devices. However, the traditional 2-Tier client/server architectural style has numerous disadvantages, including the tendency for application data and business logic to a space be closely combined on the server, which can negatively impact system extensibility and scalability, and its dependence on a central server, which can negatively impact system reliability. To address these issues, the client-server architectural style has evolved into what case, the more general 3-Tier (or N-Tier) architectural style, described below, which overcomes some of the odessay, disadvantages inherent in the 2-Tier client-server architecture and provides additional benefits.

Component-Based Architectural Style. Component-based architecture describes a software engineering approach to system design and on being size development. It focuses on a space odessay, the decomposition of the design into what is a study, individual functional or logical components that expose well-defined communication interfaces containing methods, events, and properties. This provides a higher level of abstraction than object-oriented design principles, and does not focus on issues such as communication protocols and shared state. The key principle of the component-based style is the use of components that are: Reusable . Components are usually designed to be reused in different scenarios in different applications. However, some components may be designed for a specific task. A Space Odessay? Replaceable . Components may be readily substituted with other similar components. Not context specific . Components are designed to operate in different environments and contexts. Specific information, such as state data, should be passed to the component instead of being included in or accessed by on coeducation in english the component. Extensible . A component can be extended from existing components to a space odessay provide new behavior.

Encapsulated . Components expose interfaces that allow the caller to use its functionality, and do not reveal details of the internal processes or any internal variables or state. Choice Essay? Independent . Components are designed to have minimal dependencies on other components. A Space? Therefore components can be deployed into any appropriate environment without affecting other components or systems. Common types of components used in applications include user interface components such as grids and buttons (often referred to as controls ), and helper and utility components that expose a specific subset of essay in english functions used in other components. Other common types of components are those that are resource intensive, not frequently accessed, and must be activated using the just-in-time (JIT) approach (common in remoting or distributed component scenarios); and queued components whose method calls may be executed asynchronously using message queuing and store and forward. Components depend upon a mechanism within the platform that provides an a space odessay environment in which they can execute, often referred to as component architecture . Examples are the occupational choice, component object model (COM) and the distributed component object model (DCOM) in Windows; and Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) and Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) on other platforms. Component architectures manage the mechanics of locating components and odessay their interfaces, passing messages or commands between components, and—in some cases—maintaining state. However, the term component is the tempest a level questions often used in odessay the more basic sense of a constituent part, element, or ingredient . The Microsoft .NET Framework provides support for building applications using such a component based approach. For example, this guide discusses business and data components, which are commonly code classes compiled into .NET Framework assemblies.

They execute under the control of the .NET Framework runtime, and there may be more than one such component in each assembly. The following are the main benefits of the component-based architectural style: Ease of occupational choice deployment . As new compatible versions become available, you can replace existing versions with no impact on the other components or the a space odessay, system as a whole. Reduced cost . The Tempest Questions? The use of third-party components allows you to odessay spread the cost of dr francois uxbridge development and maintenance. Ease of development . Components implement well-known interfaces to provide defined functionality, allowing development without impacting other parts of the system. Reusable . The use of reusable components means that they can be used to odessay spread the development and maintenance cost across several applications or systems. Mitigation of technical complexity . Components mitigate complexity through the use of a component container and the right its services. Example component services include component activation, lifetime management, method queuing, eventing, and transactions.

Design patterns such as the Dependency Injection pattern or the Service Locator pattern can be used to a space odessay manage dependencies between components, and promote loose coupling and reuse. The Tempest? Such patterns are often used to build composite applications that combine and reuse components across multiple applications. Consider the component-based architectural style if you already have suitable components or can obtain suitable components from third-party suppliers; your application will predominantly execute procedural-style functions, perhaps with little or no data input; or you want to odessay be able to bessay uxbridge combine components written in different code languages. Also, consider this style if you want to odessay create a pluggable or composite architecture that allows you to easily replace and update individual components. Domain Driven Design Architectural Style. Domain Driven Design (DDD) is an object-oriented approach to 1987 apush designing software based on odessay, the business domain, its elements and behaviors, and the relationships between them. It aims to enable software systems that are a realization of the underlying business domain by defining a domain model expressed in the language of business domain experts. The domain model can be viewed as a framework from which solutions can then be rationalized. To apply Domain Driven Design, you must have a good understanding of the business domain you want to model, or be skilled in acquiring such business knowledge.

The development team will often work with business domain experts to model the domain. Dbq Essay? Architects, developers, and subject matter experts have diverse backgrounds, and in a space many environments will use different languages to describe their goals, designs and dr francois requirements. However, within Domain Driven Design, the odessay, whole team agrees to only use a single language that is focused on the business domain, and which excludes any technical jargon. As the core of the software is the a level essay, domain model, which is a space a direct projection of this shared language, it allows the team to quickly find gaps in the software by analyzing the language around it. The creation of a common language is not merely an exercise in accepting information from the domain experts and the tempest a level essay applying it. Quite often, communication problems within development teams are due not only to misunderstanding the language of the domain, but also due to the fact that the domain's language is odessay itself ambiguous. Dr Francois Bessay Uxbridge? The Domain Driven Design process holds the goal not only a space odessay, of implementing the language being used, but also improving and refining the language of the the tempest essay, domain. A Space Odessay? This in turn benefits the software being built, since the model is a direct projection of the domain language. In order to help maintain the model as a pure and helpful language construct, you must typically implement a great deal of 1987 apush isolation and encapsulation within the domain model. Consequently, a system based on Domain Driven Design can come at odessay, a relatively high cost.

While Domain Driven Design provides many technical benefits, such as maintainability, it should be applied only to complex domains where the model and the tempest essay questions the linguistic processes provide clear benefits in the communication of complex information, and in the formulation of a space odessay a common understanding of the domain. The following are the main benefits of the Domain Driven Design style: Communication . All parties within a development team can use the domain model and the entities it defines to communicate business knowledge and requirements using a common business domain language, without requiring technical jargon. Extensible . The domain model is often modular and flexible, making it easy to on coeducation update and extend as conditions and requirements change. Testable . The domain model objects are loosely coupled and cohesive, allowing them to be more easily tested.

Consider DDD if you have a complex domain and you wish to improve communication and understanding within your development team, or where you must express the design of an application in a space a common language that all stakeholders can understand. DDD can also be an ideal approach if you have large and the right essay complex enterprise data scenarios that are difficult to manage using other techniques. For a summary of a space odessay domain driven design techniques, see Domain Driven Design Quickly at the right essay, http://www.infoq.com/minibooks/domain-driven-design-quickly. Alternatively, see Domain-Driven Design: Tackling Complexity in the Heart of Software by Eric Evans (Addison-Wesley, ISBN: 0-321-12521-5) and a space Applying Domain-Driven Design and Patterns by Jimmy Nilsson (Addison-Wesley, ISBN: 0-321-26820-2). Layered architecture focuses on the grouping of related functionality within an application into distinct layers that are stacked vertically on top of each other.

Functionality within each layer is occupational choice related by a common role or responsibility. Communication between layers is explicit and loosely coupled. Layering your application appropriately helps to support a strong separation of concerns that, in turn, supports flexibility and maintainability. The layered architectural style has been described as an a space inverted pyramid of reuse where each layer aggregates the responsibilities and 1987 apush dbq essay abstractions of the layer directly beneath it. With strict layering, components in one layer can interact only with components in the same layer or with components from the a space odessay, layer directly below it. More relaxed layering allows components in a layer to interact with components in the same layer or with components in any lower layer. The layers of an application may reside on the same physical computer (the same tier) or may be distributed over separate computers ( n -tier), and the components in each layer communicate with components in the right other layers through well-defined interfaces. For example, a typical Web application design consists of a presentation layer (functionality related to the UI), a business layer (business rules processing), and a data layer (functionality related to data access, often almost entirely implemented using high-level data access frameworks). For details of the n-tier application architectural style, see N-Tier / 3-Tier Architectural Style later in this chapter. Common principles for a space odessay designs that use the layered architectural style include: Abstraction . Essay? Layered architecture abstracts the view of the system as whole while providing enough detail to understand the roles and responsibilities of individual layers and the relationship between them.

Encapsulation . No assumptions need to be made about data types, methods and a space properties, or implementation during design, as these features are not exposed at layer boundaries. Clearly defined functional layers . The separation between functionality in each layer is choice theory essay clear. Upper layers such as the presentation layer send commands to lower layers, such as the a space odessay, business and data layers, and may react to events in these layers, allowing data to flow both up and down between the layers. High cohesion . Well-defined responsibility boundaries for each layer, and occupational choice theory essay ensuring that each layer contains functionality directly related to the tasks of odessay that layer, will help to maximize cohesion within the layer. Occupational Choice Theory Essay? Reusable . Lower layers have no dependencies on higher layers, potentially allowing them to be reusable in other scenarios. A Space Odessay? Loose coupling . Communication between layers is on coeducation in english based on a space, abstraction and events to provide loose coupling between layers. Examples of layered applications include line-of-business (LOB) applications such as accounting and the tempest a level customer-management systems; enterprise Web-based applications and odessay Web sites, and enterprise desktop or smart clients with centralized application servers for business logic. A number of design patterns support the layered architectural style.

For example, Separated Presentation patterns encompass a range of patterns that the handling of the the tempest essay, user's interactions from the UI, the a space odessay, presentation and business logic, and the application data with which the user works. Separated Presentation allows graphical designers to what is a business case create a UI while developers generate the code to drive it. Dividing the functionality into separate roles in this way provides increased opportunities to odessay test the on being essay, behavior of individual roles. The following are the key principles of the a space odessay, Separated Presentation patterns: Separation of concerns . Separated Presentation patterns divide UI processing concerns into distinct roles; for example, MVC has three roles: the business case study, Model, the View, and the Controller. The Model represents data (perhaps a domain model that includes business rules); the View represents the odessay, UI; and the Controller handles requests, manipulates the model, and performs other operations. Is A Business? Event-based notification . A Space? The Observer pattern is the right essay commonly used to provide notifications to the View when data managed by the Model changes. Delegated event handling . The controller handles events triggered from the UI controls in the View. Other examples of Separated Presentation patterns are the Passive View pattern and the Supervising Presenter (or Supervising Controller) pattern. The main benefits of the layered architectural style, and a space the use of occupational theory essay a Separated Presentation pattern, are:

Abstraction . Layers allow changes to be made at the abstract level. Odessay? You can increase or decrease the level of abstraction you use in each layer of the hierarchical stack. Apush? Isolation . Allows you to isolate technology upgrades to a space individual layers in the tempest a level questions order to reduce risk and minimize impact on the overall system. Manageability . Separation of core concerns helps to identify dependencies, and organizes the a space, code into more manageable sections. Performance . Distributing the layers over multiple physical tiers can improve scalability, fault tolerance, and performance. Reusability . Roles promote reusability. For example, in 1987 dbq essay MVC, the a space odessay, Controller can often be reused with other compatible Views in order to provide a role specific or a user-customized view on to the same data and functionality. Testability . Increased testability arises from having well-defined layer interfaces, as well as the ability to switch between different implementations of the layer interfaces. Separated Presentation patterns allow you to build mock objects that mimic the behavior of concrete objects such as the Model, Controller, or View during testing. Consider the layered architectural style if you have existing layers that are suitable for reuse in other applications, you already have applications that expose suitable business processes through service interfaces, or your application is complex and the high-level design demands separation so that teams can focus on different areas of functionality.

The layered architectural style is also appropriate if your application must support different client types and different devices, or you want to implement complex and/or configurable business rules and processes. Consider a Separated Presentation pattern if you want improved testability and simplified maintenance of UI functionality, or you want to separate the task of designing the UI from the development of the logic code that drives it. These patterns are also appropriate when your UI view does not contain any request processing code, and essay on coeducation in english does not implement any business logic. Message bus architecture describes the principle of using a software system that can receive and send messages using one or more communication channels, so that applications can interact without needing to know specific details about each other. Odessay? It is a style for designing applications where interaction between applications is accomplished by passing messages (usually asynchronously) over essay, a common bus. The most common implementations of message bus architecture use either a messaging router or a Publish/Subscribe pattern, and are often implemented using a messaging system such as Message Queuing. Many implementations consist of individual applications that communicate using common schemas and a shared infrastructure for sending and receiving messages. Odessay? A message bus provides the ability to handle:

Message-oriented communications . All communication between applications is based on choice, messages that use known schemas. Complex processing logic . A Space? Complex operations can be executed by combining a set of smaller operations, each of which supports specific tasks, as part of a multistep itinerary. Modifications to on being the right processing logic . Because interaction with the bus is a space based on essay on coeducation in english, common schemas and commands, you can insert or remove applications on the bus to change the logic that is used to process messages. Integration with different environments . By using a message-based communication model based on common standards, you can interact with applications developed for different environments, such as Microsoft .NET and Java. Message bus designs have been used to a space support complex processing rules for many years. The design provides a pluggable architecture that allows you to insert applications into the process, or improve scalability by attaching several instances of the same application to the bus. Variations on the message bus style include: Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) . Based on message bus designs, an ESB uses services for communication between the essay on coeducation, bus and components attached to the bus. An ESB will usually provide services that transform messages from one format to another, allowing clients that use incompatible message formats to communicate with each other Internet Service Bus (ISB) . This is similar to an enterprise service bus, but with applications hosted in the cloud instead of on an enterprise network.

A core concept of a space ISB is the use of Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) and policies to on being the right control the routing of logic through applications and services in the cloud. The main benefits of the message-bus architectural style are: Extensibility . Applications can be added to or removed from the a space, bus without having an impact on the existing applications. Essay? Low complexity . Application complexity is reduced because each application only needs to a space know how to communicate with the bus. Flexibility . The set of applications that make up a complex process, or the communication patterns between applications, can be changed easily to match changes in business or user requirements, simply through changes to the configuration or parameters that control routing.

Loose coupling . As long as applications expose a suitable interface for occupational theory communication with the message bus, there is no dependency on the application itself, allowing changes, updates, and replacements that expose the same interface. Scalability . Odessay? Multiple instances of the same application can be attached to the bus in order to handle multiple requests at the same time. Application simplicity . Essay? Although a message bus implementation adds complexity to a space odessay the infrastructure, each application needs to support only a single connection to essay on coeducation in english the message bus instead of a space multiple connections to other applications. Consider the message bus architectural style if you have existing applications that interoperate with each other to perform tasks, or you want to combine multiple tasks into a single operation. This style is also appropriate if you are implementing a task that requires interaction with external applications, or applications hosted in study different environments.

N-tier and 3-tier are architectural deployment styles that describe the odessay, separation of functionality into segments in dr francois much the same way as the layered style, but with each segment being a tier that can be located on a physically separate computer. They evolved through the component-oriented approach, generally using platform specific methods for odessay communication instead of dbq essay a message-based approach. N-tier application architecture is characterized by the functional decomposition of applications, service components, and their distributed deployment, providing improved scalability, availability, manageability, and resource utilization. Each tier is completely independent from all other tiers, except for those immediately above and below it. The nth tier only a space, has to know how to handle a request from the n+1th tier, how to forward that request on to the n-1th tier (if there is essay one), and a space odessay how to handle the results of the request. Communication between tiers is typically asynchronous in order to support better scalability. N-tier architectures usually have at least three separate logical parts, each located on a separate physical server. Each part is responsible for occupational essay specific functionality. When using a layered design approach, a layer is deployed on a tier if more than one service or application is dependent on a space, the functionality exposed by the layer.

An example of the N-tier/3-tier architectural style is a typical financial Web application where security is important. The business layer must be deployed behind a firewall, which forces the deployment of the size essay, presentation layer on a separate tier in the perimeter network. Another example is a typical rich client connected application, where the presentation layer is deployed on client machines and a space the business layer and data access layer are deployed on one or more server tiers. The main benefits of the essay, N-tier/3-tier architectural style are: Maintainability . Because each tier is independent of the other tiers, updates or changes can be carried out without affecting the application as a whole. Scalability . Because tiers are based on the deployment of layers, scaling out an a space odessay application is business case study reasonably straightforward. Flexibility . Because each tier can be managed or scaled independently, flexibility is odessay increased. Availability . Applications can exploit the what is a case study, modular architecture of enabling systems using easily scalable components, which increases availability. Consider either the N-tier or the a space odessay, 3-tier architectural style if the processing requirements of the layers in the application differ such that processing in one layer could absorb sufficient resources to slow the processing in 1987 apush dbq essay other layers, or if the security requirements of the layers in the application differ. For example, the presentation layer should not store sensitive data, while this may be stored in the business and data layers.

The N-tier or the odessay, 3-tier architectural style is also appropriate if you want to be able to share business logic between applications, and occupational choice essay you have sufficient hardware to allocate the required number of servers to each tier. Consider using just three tiers if you are developing an intranet application where all servers are located within the a space odessay, private network; or an Internet application where security requirements do not restrict the deployment of business logic on the public facing Web or application server. On Being The Right Size? Consider using more than three tiers if security requirements dictate that business logic cannot be deployed to the perimeter network, or the application makes heavy use of resources and a space you want to offload that functionality to another server. Object-Oriented Architectural Style. Object-oriented architecture is a design paradigm based on the division of responsibilities for occupational choice theory essay an application or system into individual reusable and self-sufficient objects, each containing the data and the behavior relevant to the object. An object-oriented design views a system as a series of cooperating objects, instead of a set of routines or procedural instructions.

Objects are discrete, independent, and loosely coupled; they communicate through interfaces, by calling methods or accessing properties in other objects, and by a space odessay sending and dr francois receiving messages. The key principles of the object-oriented architectural style are: Abstraction . This allows you to reduce a complex operation into a space, a generalization that retains the essay on coeducation in english, base characteristics of the operation. For example, an abstract interface can be a well-known definition that supports data access operations using simple methods such as Get and a space Update . Another form of abstraction could be metadata used to provide a mapping between two formats that hold structured data. A Level Questions? Composition . Objects can be assembled from other objects, and a space can choose to hide these internal objects from other classes or expose them as simple interfaces. Inheritance . Objects can inherit from other objects, and use functionality in occupational choice theory the base object or override it to implement new behavior. Moreover, inheritance makes maintenance and updates easier, as changes to the base object are propagated automatically to a space odessay the inheriting objects. Encapsulation . Objects expose functionality only through methods, properties, and events, and hide the occupational theory essay, internal details such as state and variables from other objects.

This makes it easier to update or replace objects, as long as their interfaces are compatible, without affecting other objects and a space odessay code. Polymorphism . The Right Essay? This allows you to override the behavior of a base type that supports operations in your application by implementing new types that are interchangeable with the a space odessay, existing object. Decoupling . Objects can be decoupled from the consumer by defining an abstract interface that the object implements and on being size essay the consumer can understand. This allows you to a space odessay provide alternative implementations without affecting consumers of the interface. Common uses of the object-oriented style include defining an the right size essay object model that supports complex scientific or financial operations, and defining objects that represent real world artifacts within a business domain (such as a customer or an order). The latter is a process commonly implemented using the more specialized domain driven design style, which takes advantage of the a space, principles of the object-oriented style. For more information, see Domain Driven Design Architectural Style earlier in this chapter. The main benefits of the object-oriented architectural style are that it is:

Understandable . It maps the application more closely to the real world objects, making it more understandable. Reusable . It provides for reusability through polymorphism and essay abstraction. Testable . It provides for improved testability through encapsulation. Extensible . Encapsulation, polymorphism, and abstraction ensure that a change in the representation of odessay data does not affect the interfaces that the object exposes, which would limit the capability to communicate and interact with other objects. Highly Cohesive . By locating only related methods and features in an object, and using different objects for different sets of features, you can achieve a high level of cohesion. Consider the object-oriented architectural style if you want to model your application based on real world objects and actions, or you already have suitable objects and classes that match the design and essay operational requirements.

The object-oriented style is also suitable if you must encapsulate logic and data together in reusable components or you have complex business logic that requires abstraction and odessay dynamic behavior. Service-Oriented Architectural Style. Service-oriented architecture (SOA) enables application functionality to be provided as a set of services, and the creation of applications that make use of software services. The Tempest A Level Questions? Services are loosely coupled because they use standards-based interfaces that can be invoked, published, and discovered. Services in SOA are focused on providing a schema and message-based interaction with an application through interfaces that are application scoped, and not component or object-based. An SOA service should not be treated as a component-based service provider. The SOA style can package business processes into a space, interoperable services, using a range of protocols and data formats to communicate information. Clients and other services can access local services running on the same tier, or access remote services over a connecting network.

The key principles of the essay in english, SOA architectural style are: Services are autonomous . Each service is maintained, developed, deployed, and versioned independently. Services are distributable . Services can be located anywhere on a network, locally or remotely, as long as the network supports the required communication protocols. Services are loosely coupled . Each service is independent of odessay others, and can be replaced or updated without breaking applications that use it as long as the interface is still compatible. Services share schema and on coeducation contract, not class . Services share contracts and schemas when they communicate, not internal classes. Compatibility is based on odessay, policy . Policy in this case means definition of features such as transport, protocol, and security. Common examples of service-oriented applications include sharing information, handling multistep processes such as reservation systems and online stores, exposing industry specific data or services over an extranet, and creating mashups that combine information from multiple sources. The main benefits of the SOA architectural style are: Domain alignment . Occupational? Reuse of common services with standard interfaces increases business and technology opportunities and a space odessay reduces cost.

Abstraction . Services are autonomous and accessed through a formal contract, which provides loose coupling and abstraction. Discoverability . The Tempest A Level Essay Questions? Services can expose descriptions that allow other applications and services to a space locate them and automatically determine the interface. Interoperability . Because the what business study, protocols and data formats are based on a space odessay, industry standards, the provider and consumer of the service can be built and deployed on different platforms. Dr Francois Bessay? Rationalization . Services can be granular in order to provide specific functionality, rather than duplicating the functionality in number of applications, which removes duplication. Consider the SOA style if you have access to suitable services that you wish to a space odessay reuse; can purchase suitable services provided by a hosting company; want to build applications that compose a variety of services into a single UI; or you are creating Software plus Services (S+S), Software as a Service (SaaS), or cloud-based applications.

The SOA style is a level suitable when you must support message-based communication between segments of the application and expose functionality in a platform independent way, when you want to a space take advantage of federated services such as authentication, or you want to the tempest essay expose services that are discoverable through directories and can be used by clients that have no prior knowledge of the a space, interfaces. Evans, Eric. Domain-Driven Design: Tackling Complexity in the Heart of Software. Addison-Wesley, 2004. Nilsson, Jimmy.

Applying Domain-Driven Design and Patterns: With Examples in C# and NET. Addison-Wesley, 2006. For more information about architectural styles, see the on coeducation, following resources: