Caused great depression essay

3 Elements of great essay Every Successful Business Plan. A Dissertation In 3! So you have a great product, platform or business that you’re stoked to start up. It can be an exciting and thrilling opportunity to get your own company up and caused essay running, but it’s also filled with stress and anxiety — that road can be full of dissertation help kit obstacles and a lot of confusion. Well, first things first: Have you done your business plan yet? It sounds trite, but the business plan is really the caused great depression, roadmap to reading essays success. When done correctly and thoroughly, that document can not only put you on track to proper growth and healthy strategies, but it can also be the perfect way to essay introduce your company to potential investors.

Here’s a list of guidelines that will help you craft the essay, right business plan for your organization. Keep in mind: All businesses are unique and have their own specific challenges that must be met. But, if you stick with these characteristics, you will already be miles ahead from where you started. What’s your business plan must-have? Let us know in the comments. Many people consider a business plan to caused essay be the novelization of their ideal path to creating a company, jamming all hopes, dreams and projected profits into reading essays, a pages-long document that, frankly, no one is interested in reading.

A business plan doesn’t have to be filled with everything you’ve ever wanted in your business — it just needs to be straightforward. Caused Great Depression! “People think that a business plan needs to be a multi-page document that’s poetic in nature, and that’s not the case , says Barbara Findlay Schenck, author of Business Plans Kit For Dummies . “What you need to online kit have is a piece of paper that details the main things that will keep your business on course.” Schenck says the great, myth of the business plan as a lengthy document doesn’t match reality. In fact, just writing down the basics of your business is enough to think about your company’s pathway clearly, and online kit how exactly you or your team will move forward. Great Essay! Business plan specialist Greg Goodman agrees that excessive detail in checker a business plan, including month over month statistics or intense data projections, can not only be a burden on caused depression essay, the company but also set unrealistic expectations for investors. An even worse mistake can be a business plan that includes a restrictive NDA. “There’s a great grey area, and most VCs I’ve encountered will not sign one,” Goodman says. “They’re not going to sign it because they have the same liability issues as a company looking at an outside product. What if they’re already looking at developing it internally? Do they want to get sued by someone from Pennsylvania who thinks they have the greatest thing since sliced bread, but in fact they’re duplicative of introduction something they’re already working on? It’s not worth it to them.” Simple doesn’t mean sparse — the best business plan will be diligent in outlining the caused depression, characteristics of the company that are most important. Hammering down the basics of your business, everything from a personnel onboarding plan to securing the proper name rights and trademarks, will ensure no important detail is left unchecked. In her book, Schenck says that there are must-do tasks to make the business plan a useful document: Describe the essay, business. Describe the essay, product or service. Describe the competitive environment of the product.

Describe how the business will make money through a business model. Describe how to market the business. Describe how you’re going to produce the product. Describe the business team, whether it’s you or a small team. Describe the financial projection, including how much money you need and how much money you will profit. These tentpole concepts may seem obvious to some, but Schenck says she is surprised at how often these characteristics are missing from business plans of all kinds. Essay Style! “It’s amazing how many businesses start without that knowledge and fail without that knowledge,” Schenck says. Caused Great Depression Essay! Goodman says that even though it’s trite, the “roadmap” analogy is the most accurate way to approach the development of a business plan. By outlining all of the major points and remaining stringent about your details, you can have a solid pathway without the need for reading essays unnecessary details — and depression perhaps learn more about report writing, your own business in the process. “You always should have a business plan just so that you guide your own steps,” Goodman explains. “The reality is that it has a certain value — it’s not just plotting out Step A to Step B to caused essay Step C. Once you start putting details on paper, you see stuff you wouldn’t have seen otherwise.” No two businesses are alike, so business plans are not one-size-fits-all. Although it may be tempting to rip off a boilerplate business plan or to copy the plan from a successful business, that denies you the ability to address the dissertation help, unique challenges of your particular company. Worse, an untailored business plan is an easy way to set yourself up for caused essay failure. Devo Bhava Essay! “The business plan needs to mirror the proposed business endeavor ,” Goodman explains. “So, what goes into caused great essay, it is everything that is necessary to depict that particular proposition, whether it’s a candy store or some high-tech venture.” Goodman says that when writing a business plan, it’s important to write to your particular audience. If the business plan is a strictly internal document meant to keep the performance and write a dissertation in 3 days growth of your company on track, then it should emphasize internal information that will help that (such as hiring order or important partnerships).

If the great, business plan is an reading essays, external document, then it’s all about writing about your business as attractively as possible to get investors intrigued. “Even seasoned people don’t necessarily get that you need to great think about who is reading your document,” Goodman says. “Your audience is checker different, and your audience can only be judged in relationship to yourself. If you’re Joe or Susie Smith and depression nobody knows your background, you need to write differently and pitru devo essay make a different pitch for venture firms.” Schenck says understanding the nature of the business is key to producing a great business plan. It’s important for founders to think about the purpose of the business, what they’re selling, who their audience is, and how it will make money. Those are questions that need to be answered right on paper, although Schenck asserts many businesses can’t answer them right away. “These questions can be answered on the back of a napkin for great depression essay all I care, but when you’ve answered them, you’re in devo bhava essay business.” Schenck says. “Those questions answer what you’re doing, who you’re doing it for, how you’re doing it and depression how you’re going to essay writing make money doing it.” Remember, your business is unique and deserves special care when crafting a plan for success.

Making a fair assessment of your needs and planning accordingly will ensure that your plan is caused great essay stable enough to get you off the ground.

SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips. We're about to dive deep into the details of that least beloved* of caused great depression essay SAT sections, the SAT essay . Prepare for a discussion of the SAT essay rubric and how the SAT essay is graded based on that. I'll break down what each item on the rubric means and what you need to do to meet those requirements. On the SAT, the last section you'll encounter is the (optional) essay. You have 50 minutes to online help kit read a passage, analyze the author's argument, and great write an bhava essay in telugu essay.

If you don’t write on the assignment, plagiarize, or don't use your own original work, you'll get a 0 on your essay. Otherwise, your essay scoring is done by two graders - each one grades you on a scale of 1-4 in Reading, Analysis, and Writing, for a total essay score out of caused great essay 8 in essay writing, each of those three areas . But how do these graders assign your writing a numerical grade? By using an essay scoring guide, or rubric. *may not actually be the least beloved. The Complete SAT Essay Grading Rubric: Item-by-Item Breakdown. Based on the CollegeBoard’s stated Reading, Analysis, and caused great essay Writing criteria, I've created the below charts (for easier comparison across score points).

For the purpose of reading essays going deeper into just what the great depression SAT is looking for in your essay, I've then broken down each category further (with examples). The information in all three charts is taken from the ethos essay writing College Board site. The biggest change to great depression the SAT essay (and the thing that really distinguishes it from the writing ACT essay) is that you are required to read and great analyze a text , then write about your analysis of the author's argument in your essay. Your Reading grade on the SAT essay reflects how well you were able to demonstrate your understanding of the text and the author's argument in your essay. The response demonstrates little or no comprehension of the source text. The response fails to reading essays show an understanding of the essay text’s central idea(s), and may include only details without reference to central idea(s). The response may contain numerous errors of devo bhava essay in telugu fact and/or interpretation with regard to the text. The response makes little or no use of depression textual evidence (quotations, paraphrases, or both), demonstrating little or no understanding of the source text. The response demonstrates some comprehension of the source text. The response shows an understanding of the text’s central idea(s) but not of important details.

The response may contain errors of fact and/or interpretation with regard to devo bhava the text. The response makes limited and/or haphazard use of textual evidence (quotations, paraphrases, or both), demonstrating some understanding of the source text. The response demonstrates effective comprehension of the source text. The response shows an understanding of the text’s central idea(s) and important details. The response is free of substantive errors of fact and interpretation with regard to the text. The response makes appropriate use of great depression essay textual evidence (quotations, paraphrases, or both), demonstrating an understanding of the source text. The response demonstrates thorough comprehension of the source text. The response shows an understanding of the text’s central idea(s) and ethos essay writing of most important details and how they interrelate, demonstrating a comprehensive understanding of the caused essay text.

The response is free of reading essays errors of fact or interpretation with regard to depression essay the text. The response makes skillful use of textual evidence (quotations, paraphrases, or both), demonstrating a complete understanding of the source text. You'll need to show your understanding of the text on two different levels: the surface level of getting your facts right and devo bhava the deeper level of getting the relationship of the details and the central ideas right. One of the most important ways you can show you've actually read the passage is making sure you stick to what is said in caused depression, the text . If you’re writing about things the author didn’t say, or things that contradict other things the in 3 days author said, your argument will be fundamentally flawed. For instance, take this quotation from a (made-up) passage about why a hot dog is not a sandwich: “The fact that you can’t, or wouldn’t, cut a hot dog in half and eat it that way, proves that a hot dog is once and for essay all NOT a sandwich” Here's an example of a factually inaccurate paraphrasing of this quotation: The author builds his argument by discussing how, since hot-dogs are often served cut in half, this makes them different from sandwiches. The paraphrase contradicts the passage, and a dissertation in 3 days so would negatively affect your reading score. Now let's look at caused great depression essay, an accurate paraphrasing of the quotation: The author builds his argument by discussing how, since hot-dogs are never served cut in half, they are therefore different from online dissertation, sandwiches. It's also important to depression essay be faithful to reading essays the text when you're using direct quotations from the passage.

Misquoting or badly paraphrasing the author’s words weakens your essay, because the evidence you’re using to support your points is faulty. Higher Level: Understanding of Central Ideas. The next step beyond being factually accurate about the passage is showing that you understand the essay central ideas of the text and how details of the passage relate back to this central idea. Why does this matter? In order to be able to explain why the author is persuasive, you need to be able to explain the structure of the argument. And you can’t deconstruct the author's argument if you don’t understand the central idea of the passage and how the details relate to reading essays it. Here's an example of a statement about our fictional hot dogs are sandwiches passage that shows understanding of the central idea of the passage: Hodgman’s third primary defense of great essay why hot dogs are not sandwiches is that a hot dog is not a subset of any other type of food. He uses the pitru devo in telugu analogy of asking the question “is cereal milk a broth, sauce, or gravy?” to show that making such a comparison between hot dogs and sandwiches is caused essay, patently illogical. The above statement takes one step beyond merely being factually accurate to reading essays explain the depression essay relation between different parts of the passage (in this case, the report relation between the what is cereal milk? analogy and great depression essay the hot dog/sandwich debate).

Of course, if you want to pitru devo score well in all three essay areas, you’ll need to caused great essay do more in your essay than merely summarizing the author’s argument. This leads directly into reading essays the next grading area of the SAT Essay. The items covered under this criterion are the most important when it comes to caused great writing a strong essay. You can use well-spelled vocabulary in sentences with varied structure all you want, but if you don't analyze the author's argument, demonstrate critical thinking, and support your position, you will not get a high Analysis score . The response offers little or no analysis or ineffective analysis of the source text and demonstrates little or no understanding of the analytic task. The response identifies without explanation some aspects of the reading essays author’s use of evidence, reasoning, and/or stylistic and persuasive elements, and/or feature(s) of the student’s choosing, Or numerous aspects of the response’s analysis are unwarranted based on the text. The response contains little or no support for claim(s) or point(s) made, or support is largely irrelevant. The response may not focus on great features of the text that are relevant to addressing the task,

Or the response offers no discernible analysis (e.g., is largely or exclusively summary). The response offers limited analysis of the style source text and caused depression essay demonstrates only partial understanding of the analytical task. The response identifies and attempts to describe the author’s use of evidence, reasoning, and/or stylistic and persuasive elements, and/or feature(s) of the student’s own choosing, but merely asserts rather than explains their importance, or one or more aspects of the response’s analysis are unwarranted based on the text. The response contains little or no support for writing claim(s) or point(s) made. The response may lack a clear focus on those features of the text that are most relevant to essay addressing the task. The response offers an effective analysis of the source text and demonstrates an understanding of the analytical task. The response competently evaluates the author’s use of evidence, reasoning, and/or stylistic and persuasive elements, and/or feature(s) of the student’s own choosing. The response contains relevant and ethos writing sufficient support for claim(s) or point(s) made. The response focuses primarily on caused essay those features of the style checker text that are most relevant to addressing the caused depression task. The response offers an insightful analysis of the source text and demonstrates a sophisticated understanding of the analytical task.

The response offers a thorough, well-considered evaluation of the write author’s use of evidence, reasoning, and/or stylistic and persuasive elements, and/or feature(s) of the caused great student’s own choosing. The response contains relevant, sufficient, and strategically chosen support for claim(s) or point(s) made. The response focuses consistently on those features of the a dissertation in 3 text that are most relevant to addressing the depression task. Because this category is so important, I've broken it down even further into report writing its two different (but equally important) component parts to make sure everything is as clearly explained as possible. Critical thinking, also known as critical reasoning, also known as logic, is the essay skill that SAT essay graders are really looking to see displayed in the essay.

You need to be able to introduction writing evaluate and analyze the claim put forward in the prompt. This is where a lot of students may get tripped up, because they think “oh, well, if I can just write a lot, then I’ll do well.” While there is caused great depression essay, some truth to the assertion that longer essays tend to score higher, if you don’t display critical thinking you won’t be able to get a top score on your essay. What do I mean by critical thinking? Let's take the ethos essay writing previous prompt example: Write an caused great essay in essay, which you explain how Hodgman builds an argument to persuade his audience that the hot dog cannot, and depression essay never should be, considered a sandwich. An answer to this prompt that does not display critical thinking (and would fall into a 1 or 2 on online kit the rubric) would be something like:

The author argues that hot dogs aren’t sandwiches, which is persuasive to great the reader. While this does evaluate the prompt (by providing a statement that the author's claim is essay, persuasive to the reader), there is caused great essay, no corresponding analysis. An answer to this prompt that displays critical thinking (and would net a higher score on dissertation help kit the rubric) could be something like this: The author uses analogies to hammer home his point that hot dogs are not sandwiches. Because the readers will readily believe the first part of the caused great essay analogy is true, they will be more likely to accept that the second part (that hot dogs aren't sandwiches) is true as well.

See the reading essays difference? Critical thinking involves reasoning your way through a situation (analysis) as well as making a judgement (evaluation) . On the SAT essay, however, you can’t just stop at abstract critical reasoning - analysis involves one more crucial step. Part II: Examples, Reasons, and Other Evidence (Support) The other piece of the puzzle (apparently this is a tiny puzzle) is making sure you are able to back up your point of view and critical thinking with concrete evidence . The SAT essay rubric says that the best (that is, 4-scoring) essay uses “ relevant, sufficient, and strategically chosen support for claim(s) or point(s) made. ” This means you can’t just stick to abstract reasoning like this: The author uses analogies to caused great depression hammer home his point that hot dogs are not sandwiches. Checker? Because the readers will readily believe the first part of the analogy is depression essay, true, they will be more likely to write a dissertation accept that the caused second part (that hot dogs aren't sandwiches) is true as well.

That explanation is a good starting point, but if you don't back up your point of view with quoted or paraphrased information from the text to support your discussion of the way the reading essays author builds his/her argument, you will not be able to get above a 3 on the Analysis portion of the essay (and possibly the Reading portion as well, if you don't show you've read the passage). Caused Great Depression Essay? Let's take a look of an example of how you might support an interpretation of the author's effect on the reader using facts from the passage : The author’s reference to the Biblical story about King Solomon elevates the debate about hot dogs from reading essays, a petty squabble between friends to a life-or-death disagreement. Great Depression Essay? The reader cannot help but see the ethos parallels between the two situations and thus find themselves agreeing with the author on this point. Does the author's reference to King Solomon actually elevate the debate, causing the reader to agree with the author? From the essay sentences above, it certainly seems plausible that it might. While your facts do need to be correct, you get a little more leeway with your interpretations of how the author’s persuasive techniques might affect the audience. As long as you can make a convincing argument for the effect a technique the kit author uses might have on the reader, you’ll be good. Say whaaat?! #tbt by tradlands, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped and color-adjusted from original. Did I just blow your mind? Read more about the secrets the SAT doesn’t want you to know in this article. Your Writing score on caused depression essay the SAT essay is not just a reflection of your grasp of the ethos writing conventions of written English (although it is that as well).

You'll also need to be focused, organized, and precise. The response demonstrates little or no cohesion and essay inadequate skill in the use and essay control of language. The response may lack a clear central claim or controlling idea. The response lacks a recognizable introduction and caused essay conclusion. The response does not have a discernible progression of a dissertation days ideas. The response lacks variety in sentence structures; sentence structures may be repetitive. The response demonstrates general and vague word choice; word choice may be poor or inaccurate.

The response may lack a formal style and objective tone. The response shows a weak control of the conventions of caused essay standard written English and may contain numerous errors that undermine the quality of writing. The response demonstrates little or no cohesion and dissertation limited skill in caused essay, the use and control of language. The response may lack a clear central claim or controlling idea or may deviate from the claim or idea over the course of the response. The response may include an ineffective introduction and/or conclusion. The response may demonstrate some progression of ideas within paragraphs but not throughout the response. The response has limited variety in reading essays, sentence structures; sentence structures may be repetitive. The response demonstrates general or vague word choice; word choice may be repetitive. The response may deviate noticeably from a formal style and objective tone. The response shows a limited control of the conventions of caused depression standard written English and contains errors that detract from the quality of writing and online dissertation help kit may impede understanding. The response is mostly cohesive and demonstrates effective use and control of language.

The response includes a central claim or implicit controlling idea. The response includes an caused essay effective introduction and conclusion. The response demonstrates a clear progression of write a dissertation ideas both within paragraphs and throughout the depression essay essay. The response has variety in sentence structures. Write In 3? The response demonstrates some precise word choice. The response maintains a formal style and objective tone. The response shows a good control of the caused depression essay conventions of reading essays standard written English and is free of significant errors that detract from the quality of writing.

The response is cohesive and great depression essay demonstrates a highly effective use and command of language. The response includes a precise central claim. The response includes a skillful introduction and conclusion. Style? The response demonstrates a deliberate and caused great depression essay highly effective progression of ideas both within paragraphs and throughout the essay. The response has a wide variety in sentence structures. Reading Essays? The response demonstrates a consistent use of precise word choice. The response maintains a formal style and objective tone. The response shows a strong command of the conventions of depression standard written English and is free or virtually free of errors. Because there's a lot of different factors that go into calculating your Writing score, I've divided the discussion of this rubric area into five separate items:

One of the most basic rules of the SAT essay is that you need to express a clear opinion on style the assignment (the prompt) . While in school (and everywhere else in life, pretty much) you’re encouraged to take into caused great essay account all sides of a topic, it behooves you to NOT do this on the SAT essay. Why? Because you only have 50 minutes to read the passage, analyze the author's argument, and write the essay, there's no way you can discuss every single way in which the author builds his/her argument, every single detail of the passage, or a nuanced argument about what works and pitru devo bhava what doesn't work. Instead, I recommend focusing your discussion on a few key ways the author is successful in persuading his/her audience of his/her claim. Let’s go back to the assignment we've been using as an example throughout this article: Write an essay in which you explain how Hodgman builds an argument to persuade his audience that the hot dog cannot, and never should be, considered a sandwich. Your instinct (trained from many years of schooling) might be to answer: There are a variety of ways in which the caused depression essay author builds his argument. This is a nice, vague statement that leaves you a lot of wiggle room.

If you disagree with the author, it's also a way of avoiding having to say that the online dissertation help kit author is persuasive. Don't fall into this trap! You do not necessarily have to agree with the author's claim in order to analyze how the author persuades his/her readers that the caused claim is true. Here's an online dissertation help kit example of a precise central claim about the example assignment: The author effectively builds his argument that hot dogs are not sandwiches by great essay using logic, allusions to history and in telugu mythology, and caused depression essay factual evidence.

In contrast to the vague claim that There are a variety of introduction report writing ways in which the author builds his argument, this thesis both specifies what the author's argument is and the ways in which he builds the essay argument (that you'll be discussing in the essay). While it's extremely important to make sure your essay has a clear point of view, strong critical reasoning, and support for your position, that's not enough to get you a top score. You need to make sure that your essay demonstrates a deliberate and highly effective progression of ideas both within paragraphs and throughout the essay. What does this mean? Part of the way you can make sure your essay is well organized has to do with following standard essay construction points. Don't write your essay in one huge paragraph; instead, include an introduction (with your thesis stating your point of essay style view), body paragraphs (one for each example, usually), and a conclusion. This structure might seem boring, but it really works to great depression keep your essay organized, and the more clearly organized your essay is, the easier it will be for the essay grader to introduction understand your critical reasoning. The second part of this criteria has to do with keeping your essay focused, making sure it contains a deliberate and highly effective progression of ideas. You can't just say well, I have an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion, so I guess my essay is organized and expect to get a 4/4 on your essay.

You need to great depression make sure that each paragraph is also organized . Recall the essay writing sample prompt: “Write an essay in which you explain how Hodgman builds an argument to persuade his audience that the hot dog cannot, and never should be, considered a sandwich.” And our hypothetical thesis: The author effectively builds his argument that hot dogs are not sandwiches by using logic, allusions to history and mythology, and factual evidence. Let's say that you're writing the paragraph about the author's use of logic to persuade his reader that hot dogs aren't sandwiches. Depression? You should NOT just list ways that the author is ethos, logical in support of his claim, then explain why logic in general is an effective persuasive device. While your points might all be valid, your essay would be better served by caused great depression connecting each instance of logic in the passage with an explanation of how that example of logic persuades the reader to agree with the author. Above all, it is imperative that you make your thesis (your central claim) clear in the opening paragraph of your essay - this helps the grader keep track of your argument. There's no reason you’d want to make following your reasoning more difficult for the person grading your essay (unless you’re cranky and don’t want to do well on the essay. Listen, I don’t want to tell you how to reading essays live your life).

In your essay, you should use a wide array of caused depression essay vocabulary (and use it correctly). An essay that scores a 4 in Writing on the grading rubric “demonstrates a consistent use of precise word choice.” You’re allowed a few errors, even on a 4-scoring essay, so you can sometimes get away with misusing a word or two. In general, though, it’s best to reading essays stick to using words you are certain you not only know the caused great essay meaning of, but also know how to use. If you’ve been studying up on vocab, make sure you practice using the words you’ve learned in sentences, and have those sentences checked by report someone who is good at writing (in English), before you use those words in an SAT essay.

Creating elegant, non-awkward sentences is the caused essay thing I struggle most with under time pressure. For instance, here’s my first try at the previous sentence: “Making sure a sentence structure makes sense is the thing that I have the most problems with when I’m writing in a short amount of time” (hahaha NOPE - way too convoluted and wordy, self). Online Kit? As another example, take a look at these two excerpts from the caused depression hypothetical essay discussing how the author persuaded his readers that a hot dog is essay, not a sandwich: Score of 2: The author makes his point by critiquing the argument against him. Caused? The author pointed out the logical fallacy of saying a hot dog was a sandwich because it was meat sandwiched between two breads. The author thus persuades the reader his point makes sense to be agreed with and ethos essay convinces them. The above sentences lack variety in structure (they all begin with the words the author), and the last sentence has serious flaws in its structure (it makes no sense). Score of 4: The author's rigorous examination of his opponent's position invites the reader, too, to consider this issue seriously.

By laying out his reasoning, step by step, Hodgman makes it easy for the reader to follow along with his train of thought and arrive at depression essay, the same destination that he has. This destination is Hodgman's claim that a hot dog is not a sandwich. The above sentences demonstrate variety in sentence structure (they don't all begin with the same word and don't have the same underlying structure) that presumably forward the point of the essay. In general, if you're doing well in all the other Writing areas, your sentence structures will also naturally vary. Essay In Telugu? If you're really worried that your sentences are not varied enough, however, my advice for working on demonstrating meaningful variety in sentence structure (without ending up with terribly worded sentences) is twofold: Read over what you’ve written before you hand it in and change any wordings that seem awkward, clunky, or just plain incorrect. As you’re doing practice essays, have a friend, family member, or teacher who is good at depression, (English) writing look over your essays and point out any issues that arise. This part of the introduction report writing Writing grade is all about the nitty gritty details of great writing: grammar, punctuation, and style spelling . It's rare that an essay with serious flaws in this area can score a 4/4 in Reading, Analysis, or Writing, because such persistent errors often interfere with meaning (that is, persistent errors make it difficult for the grader to understand what you're trying to get across). On the other hand, if they occur in caused great depression, small quantities, grammar/punctuation/spelling errors are also the things that are most likely to a dissertation in 3 days be overlooked. If two essays are otherwise of caused equal quality, but one writer misspells definitely as definately and the other writer fails to explain how one of her examples supports her thesis, the first writer will receive a higher essay score.

It's only when poor grammar, use of punctuation, and spelling start to make it difficult to essay style understand your essay that the graders start penalizing you. My advice for working on this rubric area is the same advice as for sentence structure: look over what you’ve written to double check for mistakes, and ask someone who’s good at essay, writing to look over your practice essays and point out your errors. If you're really struggling with spelling, simply typing up your (handwritten) essay into a program like Microsoft Word and running spellcheck can alert you to problems. We've also got a great set of articles up on write days our blog about SAT Writing questions that may help you better understand any grammatical errors you are making. How Do I Use The SAT Essay Grading Rubric? Now that you understand the SAT essay rubric, how can you use it in your SAT prep? There are a couple of different ways. Use The SAT Essay Rubric To. Shape Your Essays. Since you know what the SAT is looking for in an essay, you can now use that knowledge to guide what you write about in your essays!

A tale from my youth: when I was preparing to take the SAT for the first time, I did not really know what the essay was looking for, and assumed that since I was a good writer, I’d be fine. Not true! The most important part of the great depression essay SAT essay is using specific examples from the report passage and explaining how they convince the reader of the author's point. By reading this article and great depression realizing there's more to the essay than being a strong writer, you’re already doing better than high school me. Change the introduction writing object in that girl’s left hand from depression, a mirror to write days a textbook and you have a pretty good sketch of what my junior year of essay high school looked like. Use The SAT Essay Rubric To.

Grade Your Practice Essays. The SAT can’t exactly give you an answer key to the essay. Even when an example of an essay style checker essay that scored a particular score is provided, that essay will probably use different examples than you did, make different arguments, maybe even argue different interpretations of the text. Great Depression Essay? making it difficult to compare the two. The SAT essay rubric is the next best thing to an answer key for the essay - use it as a lens through which to view and assess your essay. Of course, you don’t have the time to become an expert SAT essay grader - that’s not your job. You just have to apply the rubric as best as you can to your essays and work on fixing your weak areas . Style? For the sentence structure, grammar, usage, and caused great depression mechanics stuff I highly recommend asking a friend, teacher, or family member who is really good at (English) writing to dissertation help kit take a look over caused great essay, your practice essays and point out the mistakes. If you really want custom feedback on your practice essays from experienced essay graders, may I also suggest the devo bhava PrepScholar test prep platform? I manage the essay grading and so happen to know quite a bit about the caused depression essay essay part of this platform, which gives you both an essay grade and custom feedback for each essay you complete. Learn more about how it all works here.

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An Introduction to RDF and the Jena RDF API. This is caused essay a tutorial introduction to essay style checker, both W3C's Resource Description Framework (RDF) and Jena, a Java API for RDF. It is written for the programmer who is unfamiliar with RDF and who learns best by prototyping, or, for caused great depression, other reasons, wishes to move quickly to essay in telugu, implementation. Some familiarity with both XML and caused, Java is assumed. Implementing too quickly, without first understanding the RDF data model, leads to frustration and dissertation help kit, disappointment. Yet studying the data model alone is dry stuff and caused great, often leads to tortuous metaphysical conundrums.

It is better to approach understanding both the data model and reading essays, how to use it in great parallel. Learn a bit of the data model and introduction writing, try it out. Then learn a bit more and try that out. Then the caused great, theory informs the practice and the practice the theory. The data model is pitru bhava quite simple, so this approach does not take long. RDF has an XML syntax and many who are familiar with XML will think of RDF in terms of that syntax.

This is a mistake. RDF should be understood in terms of its data model. RDF data can be represented in essay XML, but understanding the syntax is secondary to understanding the data model. An implementation of the Jena API, including the working source code for all the introduction writing, examples used in this tutorial can be downloaded from jena.apache.org/download/index.cgi . The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a standard (technically a W3C Recommendation) for describing resources. What is a resource? That is depression essay rather a deep question and the precise definition is still the subject of style debate. For our purposes we can think of it as anything we can identify. You are a resource, as is your home page, this tutorial, the number one and the great white whale in caused great depression Moby Dick. Our examples in introduction writing this tutorial will be about caused depression essay, people. They use an RDF representation of VCARDS.

RDF is best thought of in the form of node and arc diagrams. A simple vcard might look like this in RDF: The resource , John Smith, is shown as an elipse and is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) 1 , in this case http://. /JohnSmith. If you try to access that resource using your browser, you are unlikely to be successful; April the first jokes not withstanding, you would be rather surprised if your browser were able to introduction report writing, deliver John Smith to your desk top. If you are unfamiliar with URI's, think of them simply as rather strange looking names.

Resources have properties . In these examples we are interested in the sort of properties that would appear on John Smith's business card. Figure 1 shows only one property, John Smith's full name. A property is caused depression essay represented by an arc, labeled with the name of a property. The name of a property is also a URI, but as URI's are rather long and cumbersome, the diagram shows it in XML qname form. The part before the ':' is called a namespace prefix and represents a namespace. The part after the ':' is called a local name and represents a name in that namespace. Properties are usually represented in this qname form when written as RDF XML and it is a convenient shorthand for representing them in diagrams and in text.

Strictly, however, properties are identified by a URI. Ethos Essay? The nsprefix:localname form is essay a shorthand for the URI of the namespace concatenated with the localname. There is no requirement that the URI of a property resolve to essay, anything when accessed by a browser. Each property has a value. In this case the value is a literal , which for now we can think of caused depression essay as a strings of characters 2 . Literals are shown in rectangles. Jena is a Java API which can be used to create and manipulate RDF graphs like this one. Jena has object classes to represent graphs, resources, properties and literals. The interfaces representing resources, properties and literals are called Resource, Property and essay, Literal respectively. In Jena, a graph is called a model and caused, is represented by pitru devo bhava the Model interface. Great Depression Essay? The code to create this graph, or model, is simple: It begins with some constant definitions and then creates an empty Model or model, using the ModelFactory method createDefaultModel() to create a memory-based model.

Jena contains other implementations of the Model interface, e.g one which uses a relational database: these types of Model are also available from ModelFactory. Introduction? The John Smith resource is caused great depression then created and a property added to it. The property is provided by a dissertation in 3 a constant class VCARD which holds objects representing all the definitions in essay the VCARD schema. Jena provides constant classes for other well known schemas, such as RDF and RDF schema themselves, Dublin Core and OWL. The code to create the resource and add the property, can be more compactly written in a cascading style: The working code for this example can be found in the /src-examples directory of the pitru devo, Jena distribution as tutorial 1. As an exercise, take this code and modify it to create a simple VCARD for yourself.

Now let's add some more detail to the vcard, exploring some more features of RDF and Jena. In the first example, the property value was a literal. Caused Great? RDF properties can also take other resources as their value. Using a common RDF technique, this example shows how to represent the different parts of style checker John Smith's name: Here we have added a new property, vcard:N, to depression, represent the structure of help John Smith's name. There are several things of great depression essay interest about this Model. Note that the vcard:N property takes a resource as its value. Note also that the ellipse representing the compound name has no URI. It is known as an blank Node. The Jena code to construct this example, is again very simple. First some declarations and online dissertation help, the creation of the empty model.

The working code for this example can be found as tutorial 2 in the /src-examples directory of the caused depression, Jena distribution. Each arc in dissertation help an RDF Model is called a statement . Each statement asserts a fact about a resource. Caused Essay? A statement has three parts: the subject is the resource from which the arc leaves the predicate is the essay style checker, property that labels the arc the object is the resource or literal pointed to by the arc. A statement is sometimes called a triple, because of caused depression essay its three parts. An RDF Model is represented as a set of dissertation statements. Essay? Each call of addProperty in tutorial2 added a another statement to the Model. (Because a Model is set of statements, adding a duplicate of a statement has no effect.) The Jena model interface defines a listStatements() method which returns an StmtIterator , a subtype of Java's Iterator over pitru devo bhava essay in telugu all all the statements in great depression a Model. Reading Essays? StmtIterator has a method nextStatement() which returns the caused essay, next statement from the iterator (the same one that next() would deliver, already cast to Statement ). The Statement interface provides accessor methods to the subject, predicate and object of write a statement. Now we will use that interface to extend tutorial2 to list all the statements created and print them out. Great? The complete code for this can be found in tutorial 3. Since the object of a statement can be either a resource or a literal, the getObject() method returns an style checker, object typed as RDFNode , which is a common superclass of both Resource and caused depression essay, Literal . The underlying object is of the appropriate type, so the pitru devo, code uses instanceof to determine which and depression essay, processes it accordingly.

When run, this program should produce output resembling: Now you know why it is clearer to draw Models. If you look carefully, you will see that each line consists of three fields representing the subject, predicate and write, object of each statement. There are four arcs in the Model, so there are four statements. The anon:14df86:ecc3dee17b:-7fff is an internal identifier generated by Jena. It is not a URI and should not be confused with one. It is simply an internal label used by the Jena implementation. The W3C RDFCore Working Group have defined a similar simple notation called N-Triples. The name means triple notation. We will see in the next section that Jena has an N-Triples writer built in.

Jena has methods for caused great essay, reading and writing RDF as XML. These can be used to save an RDF model to a file and later read it back in again. Tutorial 3 created a model and wrote it out in triple form. Tutorial 4 modifies tutorial 3 to write the model in RDF XML form to kit, the standard output stream. The code again, is very simple: model.write can take an OutputStream argument. The output should look something like this: The RDF specifications specify how to represent RDF as XML. The RDF XML syntax is quite complex. The reader is referred to the primer being developed by depression essay the RDFCore WG for a more detailed introduction. However, let's take a quick look at dissertation, how to interpret the caused, above.

RDF is usually embedded in essay checker an rdf:RDF element. The element is optional if there are other ways of knowing that some XML is RDF, but it is usually present. The RDF element defines the two namespaces used in the document. There is then an rdf:Description element which describes the resource whose URI is http://somewhere/JohnSmith. If the rdf:about attribute was missing, this element would represent a blank node.

The vcard:FN element describes a property of the caused depression essay, resource. The property name is the FN in the vcard namespace. Essay Style? RDF converts this to a URI reference by concatenating the URI reference for the namespace prefix and FN, the local name part of the name. This gives a URI reference of depression essay http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#FN. The value of the property is the literal John Smith. The vcard:N element is write a dissertation in 3 days a resource. In this case the resource is essay represented by a relative URI reference. RDF converts this to write a dissertation in 3 days, an absolute URI reference by concatenating it with the depression, base URI of the current document.

There is an error in this RDF XML; it does not exactly represent the Model we created. The blank node in the Model has been given a URI reference. It is no longer blank. The RDF/XML syntax is not capable of representing all RDF Models; for reading essays, example it cannot represent a blank node which is the object of depression essay two statements. Essay Checker? The 'dumb' writer we used to great essay, write this RDF/XML makes no attempt to write correctly the subset of Models which can be written correctly. It gives a URI to each blank node, making it no longer blank. Jena has an extensible interface which allows new writers for different serialization languages for RDF to be easily plugged in.

The above call invoked the standard 'dumb' writer. Introduction Report? Jena also includes a more sophisticated RDF/XML writer which can be invoked by specifying another argument to the write() method call: This writer, the so called PrettyWriter, takes advantage of features of the RDF/XML abbreviated syntax to write a Model more compactly. It is also able to great depression essay, preserve blank nodes where that is possible. It is however, not suitable for write a dissertation days, writing very large Models, as its performance is unlikely to depression essay, be acceptable. To write large files and preserve blank nodes, write in introduction writing N-Triples format: This will produce output similar to that of tutorial 3 which conforms to caused depression, the N-Triples specification.

Tutorial 5 demonstrates reading the statements recorded in essay RDF XML form into a model. With this tutorial, we have provided a small database of vcards in RDF/XML form. The following code will read it in and write it out. Note that for depression, this application to run, the input file must be in the current directory. The second argument to the read() method call is the URI which will be used for online dissertation help kit, resolving relative URI's. As there are no relative URI references in the test file, it is allowed to be empty. Great? When run, tutorial 5 will produce XML output which looks like: In the previous section, we saw that the output XML declared a namespace prefix vcard and used that prefix to abbreviate URIs.

While RDF uses only the full URIs, and not this shortened form, Jena provides ways of controlling the namespaces used on output with its prefix mappings . Here's a simple example. The output from this fragment is three lots of RDF/XML, with three different prefix mappings. First the default, with no prefixes other than the pitru bhava essay, standard ones: We see that the rdf namespace is declared automatically, since it is required for tags such as rdf:RDF and rdf:resource . Great Essay? XML namespace declarations are also needed for dissertation help kit, using the two properties P and Q, but since their prefixes have not been introduced to the model in this example, they get invented namespace names: j.0 and depression, j.1 . The method setNsPrefix(String prefix, String URI) declares that the namespace URI may be abbreviated by prefix . Jena requires that prefix be a legal XML namespace name, and that URI ends with a non-name character. The RDF/XML writer will turn these prefix declarations into essay writing, XML namespace declarations and use them in caused great its output: The other namespace still gets the constructed name, but the nsA name is now used in the property tags. There's no need for reading essays, the prefix name to have anything to do with the variables in the Jena code: Both prefixes are used for output, and no generated prefixes are needed. Take the great depression essay, output produced by the previous fragment, and paste it into some file, with URL file:/tmp/fragment.rdf say. Then run the code: You'll see that the prefixes from the input are preserved in the output. Online Dissertation Help Kit? All the prefixes are written, even if they're not used anywhere. You can remove a prefix with removeNsPrefix(String prefix) if you don't want it in the output. Since NTriples doesn't have any short way of writing URIs, it takes no notice of prefixes on output and doesn't provide any on input. The notation N3 , also supported by Jena, does have short prefixed names, and records them on input and essay, uses them on output.

Jena has further operations on the prefix mappings that a model holds, such as extracting a Java Map of the ethos writing, exiting mappings, or adding a whole group of mappings at once; see the documentation for PrefixMapping for details. Jena is depression a Java API for ethos essay writing, semantic web applications. The key RDF package for the application developer is org.apache.jena.rdf.model . The API has been defined in terms of interfaces so that application code can work with different implementations without change. This package contains interfaces for depression, representing models, resources, properties, literals, statements and all the other key concepts of RDF, and a ModelFactory for creating models. So that application code remains independent of the online help kit, implementation, it is best if it uses interfaces wherever possible, not specific class implementations. The org.apache.jena.tutorial package contains the caused great depression essay, working source code for all the examples used in this tutorial. The org.apache.jena. impl packages contains implementation classes which may be common to many implementations. For example, they defines classes ResourceImpl , PropertyImpl , and LiteralImpl which may be used directly or subclassed by different implementations. Applications should rarely, if ever, use these classes directly.

For example, rather than creating a new instance of ResourceImpl , it is style checker better to use the createResource method of whatever model is being used. That way, if the model implementation has used an optimized implementation of Resource , then no conversions between the two types will be necessary. So far, this tutorial has dealt mainly with creating, reading and writing RDF Models. It is caused great now time to deal with accessing information held in a Model. Given the URI of a resource, the write a dissertation days, resource object can be retrieved from a model using the Model.getResource(String uri) method. This method is great defined to return a Resource object if one exists in the model, or otherwise to create a new one. For example, to retrieve the John Smith resource from the model read in from the file in tutorial 5: The Resource interface defines a number of methods for accessing the properties of a resource. The Resource.getProperty(Property p) method accesses a property of the resource. This method does not follow the usual Java accessor convention in that the type of the object returned is Statement, not the Property that you might have expected.

Returning the whole statement allows the application to access the value of the property using one of its accessor methods which return the object of the pitru devo in telugu, statement. For example to caused depression essay, retrieve the resource which is the bhava in telugu, value of the great depression, vcard:N property: In general, the object of a statement could be a resource or a literal, so the application code, knowing the value must be a resource, casts the returned object. One of the things that Jena tries to do is to provide type specific methods so the application does not have to reading essays, cast and type checking can be done at compile time. The code fragment above, can be more conveniently written: Similarly, the literal value of a property can be retrieved: In this example, the vcard resource has only one vcard:FN and one vcard:N property. RDF permits a resource to repeat a property; for example Adam might have more than one nickname. Let's give him two: As noted before, Jena represents an RDF Model as set of statements, so adding a statement with the subject, predicate and object as one already in the Model will have no effect.

Jena does not define which of the two nicknames present in the Model will be returned. The result of calling vcard.getProperty(VCARD.NICKNAME) is indeterminate. Caused Essay? Jena will return one of the values, but there is no guarantee even that two consecutive calls will return the devo essay, same value. If it is possible that a property may occur more than once, then the Resource.listProperties(Property p) method can be used to return an iterator which will list them all. This method returns an iterator which returns objects of type Statement . We can list the nicknames like this: This code can be found in caused great depression essay tutorial 6. The statement iterator iter produces each and bhava, every statement with subject vcard and predicate VCARD.NICKNAME , so looping over it allows us to fetch each statement by using nextStatement() , get the object field, and essay, convert it to a string. The code produces the following output when run: All the properties of reading essays a resource can be listed by using the listProperties() method without an caused, argument. The previous section dealt with the case of navigating a model from a resource with a known URI.

This section deals with searching a model. The core Jena API supports only a limited query primitive. The more powerful query facilities of SPARQL are described elsewhere. The Model.listStatements() method, which lists all the statements in a model, is perhaps the crudest way of querying a model. Its use is essay not recommended on very large Models. Model.listSubjects() is similar, but returns an iterator over all resources that have properties, ie are the great depression, subject of some statement. Model.listSubjectsWithProperty(Property p, RDFNode o) will return an iterator over all the resources which have property p with value o . If we assume that only vcard resources will have vcard:FN property, and reading essays, that in our data, all such resources have such a property, then we can find all the vcards like this: All these query methods are simply syntactic sugar over caused essay a primitive query method model.listStatements(Selector s) . Report Writing? This method returns an great, iterator over all the statements in the model 'selected' by s . The selector interface is designed to be extensible, but for now, there is only one implementation of it, the class SimpleSelector from the package org.apache.jena.rdf.model . Using SimpleSelector is one of the rare occasions in Jena when it is necessary to use a specific class rather than an interface. The SimpleSelector constructor takes three arguments: This selector will select all statements with a subject that matches subject , a predicate that matches predicate and an object that matches object . If a null is reading essays supplied in any of the positions, it matches anything; otherwise they match corresponding equal resources or literals. (Two resources are equal if they have equal URIs or are the same blank node; two literals are the great, same if all their components are equal.) Thus: will select all the statements in a Model. will select all the statements with VCARD.FN as their predicate, whatever the subject or object. As a special shorthand, listStatements( S, P, O ) is equivalent to listStatements( new SimpleSelector( S, P, O ) ) The following code, which can be found in full in tutorial 7 lists the full names on all the vcards in the database.

This should produce output similar to bhava essay, the following: Your next exercise is to modify this code to caused, use SimpleSelector instead of essay style checker listSubjectsWithProperty . Lets see how to implement some finer control over the statements selected. SimpleSelector can be subclassed and its selects method modified to perform further filtering: This sample code uses a neat Java technique of overridding a method definition inline when creating an instance of the class. Here the caused depression, selects(. ) method checks to ensure that the full name ends with Smith. It is important to note that filtering based on write in 3 days, the subject, predicate and object arguments takes place before the selects(. Great Depression Essay? ) method is called, so the introduction, extra test will only be applied to matching statements. The full code can be found in tutorial 8 and depression essay, produces output like this: You might think that: is equivalent to: Whilst functionally they may be equivalent, the reading essays, first form will list all the statements in the Model and test each one individually, whilst the second allows indexes maintained by the implementation to improve performance. Try it on a large Model and see for caused great depression, yourself, but make a cup of coffee first. Jena provides three operations for manipulating Models as a whole. These are the common set operations of union, intersection and difference. The union of two Models is the online help, union of the sets of statements which represent each Model. Great? This is one of the key operations that the design of RDF supports.

It enables data from disparate data sources to be merged. Consider the write a dissertation in 3 days, following two Models: When these are merged, the two http://. JohnSmith nodes are merged into great depression essay, one and the duplicate vcard:FN arc is dropped to produce: Lets look at the code to do this (the full code is in reading essays tutorial 9) and see what happens. The output produced by the pretty writer looks like this: Even if you are unfamiliar with the details of the RDF/XML syntax, it should be reasonably clear that the Models have merged as expected.

The intersection and difference of the Models can be computed in a similar manner, using the caused great depression, methods .intersection(Model) and .difference(Model) ; see the difference and intersection Javadocs for more details. RDF defines a special kind of resources for representing collections of things. These resources are called containers . The members of a container can be either literals or resources. There are three kinds of container: a BAG is an unordered collection an essay style checker, ALT is an caused, unordered collection intended to represent alternatives a SEQ is an introduction, ordered collection. A container is represented by a resource. That resource will have an rdf:type property whose value should be one of rdf:Bag, rdf:Alt or rdf:Seq, or a subclass of caused great depression essay one of these, depending on the type of the container. The first member of the container is the value of the container's rdf:_1 property; the second member of the container is the value of the container's rdf:_2 property and so on. The rdf:_nnn properties are known as the ordinal properties . For example, the Model for a simple bag containing the introduction writing, vcards of the Smith's might look like this: Whilst the members of the caused great essay, bag are represented by the properties rdf:_1, rdf:_2 etc the ordering of the properties is not significant. We could switch the values of the rdf:_1 and rdf:_2 properties and the resulting Model would represent the same information. Alt's are intended to represent alternatives.

For example, lets say a resource represented a software product. It might have a property to indicate where it might be obtained from. Introduction Writing? The value of that property might be an Alt collection containing various sites from great depression, which it could be downloaded. Alt's are unordered except that the rdf:_1 property has special significance. Reading Essays? It represents the default choice.

Whilst containers can be handled using the basic machinery of great resources and properties, Jena has explicit interfaces and implementation classes to handle them. It is not a good idea to have an object manipulating a container, and at the same time to modify the state of that container using the lower level methods. Let's modify tutorial 8 to create this bag: If we write out write days, this Model, it contains something like the following: which represents the Bag resource. The container interface provides an iterator to list the contents of a container: which produces the following output: Executable example code can be found in tutorial 10, which glues together the fragments above into a complete example. The Jena classes offer methods for manipulating containers including adding new members, inserting new members into caused essay, the middle of a container and bhava in telugu, removing existing members. The Jena container classes currently ensure that the the list of ordinal properties used starts at rdf:_1 and is contiguous. The RDFCore WG have relaxed this contraint, which allows partial representation of containers. This therefore is an caused great depression essay, area of Jena may be changed in the future. More about Literals and Datatypes. RDF literals are not just simple strings. Literals may have a language tag to indicate the language of the literal.

The literal chat with an English language tag is considered different to the literal chat with a French language tag. This rather strange behaviour is an artefact of the original RDF/XML syntax. Further there are really two sorts of Literals. In one, the string component is just that, an ordinary string. In the write in 3 days, other the string component is expected to great depression, be a well balanced fragment of XML. When an RDF Model is written as RDF/XML a special construction using a parseType='Literal' attribute is used to represent it. In Jena, these attributes of a literal may be set when the report writing, literal is constructed, e.g. in tutorial 11: For two literals to be considered equal, they must either both be XML literals or both be simple literals. In addition, either both must have no language tag, or if language tags are present they must be equal.

For simple literals the strings must be equal. XML literals have two notions of equality. The simple notion is that the conditions previously mentioned are true and the strings are also equal. The other notion is that they can be equal if the canonicalization of their strings is equal. Jena's interfaces also support typed literals. The old-fashioned way (shown below) treats typed literals as shorthand for strings: typed values are converted in the usual Java way to strings and these strings are stored in caused depression the Model. For example, try (noting that for simple literals, we can omit the reading essays, model.createLiteral (. ) call): The output produced is: Since both literals are really just the string 11, then only one statement is added.

The RDFCore WG has defined mechanisms for supporting datatypes in RDF. Jena suports these using the typed literal mechanisms; they are not discussed in this tutorial. The identifier of an RDF resource can include a fragment identifier, e.g. http://hostname/rdf/tutorial/#ch-Introduction, so, strictly speaking, an RDF resource is identified by a URI reference. As well as being a string of characters, literals also have an optional language encoding to represent the language of the caused great depression essay, string. For example the literal two might have a language encoding of en for pitru bhava essay, English and the literal deux might have a language encoding of fr for France. [1]: sparql_data/vc-db-1.rdf. Copyright 20112017 The Apache Software Foundation, Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.

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critics essays If you are going to use a passage of caused great essay Lorem Ipsum, you need to be sure there isn't anything embarrassing hidden in the middle of write in 3 text. All the Lorem Ipsum generators on the Internet tend to depression essay repeat predefined chunks as necessary when looking at days its layout fact that a reader will. If you are going to use a passage of Lorem Ipsum, you need to be sure there isn't anything embarrassing hidden in the middle of text. All the great, Lorem Ipsum generators on the Internet tend to repeat predefined chunks as necessary when looking at its layout fact that a reader will.

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Guest essay: Sugar- “Capitalism’s Favoured Child” In this guest essay historian and sugar expert (and Chair of our recent conference) Ron Noon unearths some uncomfortable truths about “capitalism’s favourite child”… The real story of sugar from a nutritional and ethical perspective, whether it comes from the caused, historic cane that sways in the exotic Antillees or the ugly mangel wurzel sugar beet in wet Fenland England, is Sweet FA! It is an “empty calorie” shorn of introduction report writing any other nutrients, but achingly addictive and a perfectly legal drug for millions to be hooked on. The granules are manufactured in “temples of applied science” and not in mother nature’s laboratories, which photosynthesise using solar energy to combine carbon dioxide and depression water into sugar stored as starch. The highly chemicalised refining process launders and bhava essay in telugu purges the raw sugar to ensure that nearly all of the nutrients that accompany sucrose, (the technical term for this simple carbohydrate), are lost or taken out, leaving nothing but calories. This is great depression, a salutary warning to health conscious consumers who mistakenly think that raw or brown sugar is style checker, much more nutritious and healthy than the white stuff!

Raw for retail is a misnomer because it has also been refined and as there have been no sightings of granules or cubes on plant leaves, the sugar lobby ought to be warned about the ethics of describing their product as “natural” and suggesting that the history of this pure chemical goes back to the origins of the biosphere. Metaphorically at least sugar provides wonderful food for thought although the success story of Brazil producing ethanol from sugar to great, power flex-fuel car engines clearly goes beyond metaphoric non-food uses for cane. Introduction Report Writing. That said as we have no biological need for the refined stuff, we could and did live without it for caused essay millennia. The bible was a land of essay milk and honey, not sugar and spice and sweetness ought not to essay, be conflated with sugar. The former was found in many other sources, appealingly available long before sugar commercially eclipsed honey and became the new kid on the sweetener block. Ethos Essay Writing. That said and despite the fact that it was millennia before our innate “sweet tooth” and organoleptic senses became acquainted with what I brand as “industrial sugar”, our ancestors associated sweet with good and bitter with bad! In today’s “naughty but nice” era of depression essay processed profits, palatable junk food, globesity and checker even “fair trade sugar”, the dissonance between tastiness and nutrition, renders those earlier instincts not only anachronistic but highly dangerous. Food packed with refined sugar are chock-full of great essay calories and are always likely to give trouble because they help to overcome the finite limits of the stomach. We are always prone to finding room for something sweet and not only do some sweetened foods taste so good that consumers are content to writing, risk their health for deliciousness but even savoury foods have fallen prey to sugar’s embrace. When French food writer Maguelonne Tousaint Samat, keenly aware of the great depression, evils of sugar and slavery, wrote that “so many tears were shed for sugar that by essay checker rights it ought to have lost its sweetness” she had not anticipated the great depression, soaring sugar content of many of today’s prepared and introduction report writing processed foods that do not taste sweet.

Revealingly in a 1967 book entitled, Sweet Malefactor, the caused essay, author, a former World Health Organisation doctor, declared that “there is no single food which has rivalled sugar in its influence on human affairs”. It was of course the quintessential slave crop, a label which is tragically not just historic. “Sugar slavery is back more powerful than ever, and now sugar is not only devastating for those who harvest it, but deadly for those who consume too much”. The so called diseases of affluence and writing overeating including the latest bitter sweet neologism, “globesity”, can not be understood without examining the politics of caused depression food and health and particularly the pimp like product which along with fat is a key foundation food of capitalism. The history of sucrose, before the Columban era represented only “a mere pinch per head for ethos the whole of that history”, but then according to deposed Haitian leader, Jean Bertrand Aristide, it was premised on millions of African sisters and brothers being “exported like merchandise”, their blood “changed into bitter sugar”. Essay. A recent documentary film The Price of Sugar narrated by Paul Newman, focused on the plight of Haitian migrant workers in the bateyes of the Dominican Republic, and dramatically reminded all those who talk about packaging and introduction writing marketing ethical sugar, that slavery is depression, not just about the introduction report writing, past. The Haitian migrants and their children are of the same blood and lineage as Toussaint L’Ouverture, the “Black Jacobin” who led a magnificent slave revolt against the mighty French Empire at the beginning of the nineteenth century, burying, albeit temporarily their chains. This momentous event had a seismic impact on caused great essay the hopes and aspirations of slaves demanding freedom, liberty, equality and fraternity which makes it all the more tragic that L’Ouverture’s descendants today are stateless and living in abject conditions in the bateyes of the ethos essay writing, Dominican Republic.

The Haitian revolt and the British navy’s stifling of French trade encouraged Napoleon to champion the great depression, sugar beet which not only report writing symbolised the temperate world’s seizure of what had hitherto been the husbandry of the tropical world but the caused great depression essay, rigging of the international sugar trade against checker, nature’s most efficient collector of solar energy, the tropical cane. The subsequent dirigisme of many European governments in the form of “continental bounties” and essay subsidies for beet production has led inexorably to checker, the European Union’s egregious Common Agricultural Policy which has worked very much to the detriment of cane growers in the developing world. Despite recent reforms which were forced on the EU by the World Trade Organisation, designed to caused depression, help free up trade, the transitional period of adjustment and compensation for lower prices has been very much skewed in favour of the European Beet Boys and the big refiners. The ubiquity of devo essay industrial sugar today (two thirds of our intake is indirect), is based on this nefarious history of cane and beet, and a present day “Big Sugar” lobby that increasingly makes the chicaneries of Big Tobacco seem old-fashioned. It is called “big” in the US because of its disproportionate political clout and although the adjective is not used here so often here, de facto the reality is the same. So for ethical shoppers the real price of this intensely political product, now in its seventh century of global expansion and making the products of Bill Gates seem pre-pubescent, is obfuscated by the labels written in the industry’s invisible ink and essay camouflaged on the shelves of supermarkets groaning under the beet and cane packets of Silver Spoon “homegrown sugar”, and Tate Lyle “fair trade” sugar. Ethos Essay. The history and current affairs lessons are not advertised by the sugar refiners misinformation packs and their buddies in the fast food and caused great essay soft drinks industry.

It is so ordinary a product today that it is difficult for many to ethos writing, conceive that by caused the 16th century this addictive drug was a main marker and emulator of wealth and conspicuous consumption and that it would later become known as “white gold”, the basis of one of the first truly international industries. The “Sugar Revolution” in online dissertation help kit Barbados and the Caribbean in the middle of the seventeenth century and the “proto-agri-business” of plantation production, increased output and reduced costs and prices to satiate the Old World’s seemingly insatiable demand for a product that rapidly moved along the value added chain, from medicine, spice and condiment, to decorative substance, preservative, sweetener and eventually the food that changed the world of diet! It sweetened trades in other exotic tropical beverages, such as tea, coffee and chocolate, and proved in caused great the drive towards modernity and reading essays mass consumption to be “Capitalism’s favoured child”. It is great, a wonderful social metaphor for reading essays a system of commodity production that prioritises want not need, wealth not health. No spud or tomato can rival that and no other plant can justify the term revolution. Caused Essay. Hobhouse argues that “although it did not create negro slavery” it was “the gigantic scale of the transatlantic slave trade and its maintenance for several centuries” that fed upon “the demand for sugar in Europe and North America”. It was, and is still in places like the DR, the most exacting of ethos all tropical taskmasters and Hobhouse reminds us that “because sugar cane was a labour intensive crop, the ratio of slaves/sugar always remained at least ten times greater than the ratio of slaves/tobacco, or slaves/cotton, or any other crop grown in servitude”. Caused. The remorseless demand of addicted consumers four thousand miles away rationalised the de-humanising logic of slave labour, integral to a dissertation days, the Sugar Revolution and the rapid Africanisation of the Caribbean which cravings for sweetness brought about.

My own city Liverpool, a sleepy insignificant fishing village at the end of the 17th century was jolted into caused essay transatlantic takeoff in the eighteenth century by sugar and slaves, and a drunken actor by the name of ethos writing George Cooke booed by the Liverpool merchants at great depression, the Theatre Royal when the abolitionist movement was in full swing, accused the “wretched” audience of reading essays living in a town where there was hardly a stone that had not been tainted by the blood of an African slave. After Parliament’s rejection of a bill to abolish the slave trade in 1791 hundreds of caused great depression thousands of people developed the tactic of boycotting sugar from the essay style checker, West Indies, and for those who abjured self denial because of their incurable sweet tooth, the ethical thing to do was to eat sugar from India. Thomas Clarkson one of the greatest of all the abolitionists, such was his unstinting fervour, energy and determination to remove the caused depression essay, abomination of slavery, was delighted unlike Wilberforce who was wary of write days stirring up popular protest, that the boycotters, had found “a remedy which the people…were taking into caused great their own hands”. The fact that Indian sugar was untainted by the blood of African slaves did not mean it was produced by “free labour” but the online dissertation help, boycott methods and shift of demand to caused great depression essay, East India sugar was a broadside against the hitherto all powerful West Indies sugar lobby. Today it is not the British West Indies lobby which stirs up the potential for dissertation popular protest on behalf of developing countries, but the EU and “Big Sugar” in America. The former have not only heavily subsidised beet but for over thirty years dumped surpluses onto world markets forcing prices down and exacerbating the depression essay, problems of developing countries where cane has remained the ethos essay writing, “hunger crop”. (Tate and Lyle under the caused great depression, CAP secured adjustment aid conceived as a means of rectifying imbalances between beet and cane refining margins, but also claimed to provide a vital bridge under preferential arrangements for quotas from African, Pacific and Carribean cane growers.) America only allows 15% of sugar supplies to be sourced from imports and in 3 “nowhere is there a larger gap between the U.S. government’s free trade rhetoric and its protectionist policies than in the sugar program”. In March 2004 there was a report from the World Bank which concluded that sugar was the “most policy-distorted of all commodities” and caused great depression essay argued how multilateral reform of sugar policy could produce global welfare gains of 4.7bn dollars (?2.5bn or 3.7bn euros at that time). By increasing imports to the most protected countries, US, EU and Japan, it could create work for 1m workers in developing countries which once again revealed how more so than any other commodity it brings the interests of a dissertation in 3 developing country sugar cane exporters most into conflict with those of developed country sugar beet growers and the cane growers in America who benefit from the protectionist Sugar Program.

So to conclude this presentminded history of sugar there are a few glittering generalisations that can be made despite the labrynthine complexity of its politics and the argument of French food writer Montignac who suggests “it should always be labelled with a skull and crossbones symbol since it is a dangerous product when consumed in depression essay large amounts”. Firstly, apart from the existence of a few rich cane-producing countries such as heavily protected America and far more efficient and free trade oriented Australia, the divide between tropical cane and temperate beet coincides directly with the pitru devo bhava essay, division between rich and poor countries. Secondly sugar cane is nature’s most efficient collector of solar energy and if production costs are compared by looking at what the land and great depression essay labour used in essay checker each country could produce if they were put to their most profitable other uses, or what the economist defines as “opportunity cost”, then beet production, because of the far greater opportunities available to resources in rich countries is substantially more costly. Thirdly and of the greatest significance because it relates to our moral obligations towards the poorest of the great essay, poor is the kit, conclusion reached by the World Development Movement over 30 years ago that “a rich country’s sugar policy, from whom it buys its sugar and by what means it pays for it is a vital litmus test of its proclaimed benevolence towards the poor world. Its policy indicates directly whether or not it is willing to stifle one of the developing world’s few real opportunities to increase its exchange earnings”. Gloomily the egregious and essay self interested sugar programmes on both sides of the Atlantic, highlight how there is nothing economically or ethically rational about the world of sugar and that sadly the reading essays, colonies that were exploited in the days of slavery are still denied one of their few opportunities to develop via trade not aid. The maxim of the ethical and public health conscious consumer is to reverse the Napoleonic legacy and help to beat the beet and keep the cane. We welcome guest articles and essays that provide comment or analysis regarding any of our campaign areas.

For more information or to submit an article for consideration please email the great, Food Active team: foodactive@hegroup.org.uk. Please note that views expressed in guest articles and reading essays essays do not necessarily represent the views of Food Active, its staff, advisory board or funders. Tameside prepares to depression essay, Give Up Loving Pop. Tameside Public Health with partners are in the final stage of preparing for a four week GULP challenge across their. Guest Blog: Junk brands get onto children’s newfeeds and interact like real life friends.

Helena O’Donnell is Project Manager of Irish Heart’s advocacy campaign Stop Targeting Kids. Irish Heart works to influence government policy. A sugary drinks duty would save London ?39m in dissertation healthcare costs. Our partners at caused great depression essay, The Children’s Food Campaign have today published figures showing that the introduction of a 20 pence per. Guest Blog: World Heart Day and European Week of Sport.

Michael Viggars, Development Officer, European Healthy Stadia.